New type of primary sources of diamond association, unique in its typomorphism, is identified within north-eastern Siberian platform. This type is represented by volcanogenic and sedimentary-volcanogenic rocks. Volcanic processes occurred in Triassic – 244–216 Ma (Late Ladinian – Early Carnian). Chemical composition of lapilli and lithoclasts indicate basic-ultrabasic nature of volcanism of alkalic-subalkalic petrochemical series. Sedimentary-volcanogenic rocks are characterized by high content of pyropes, chromites, rutiles and huge concentration of unsorted diamonds.

Critical review of geological and geophysical data available for 4 particular zones of the Yakut buried uplift and analysis of deep drilling results showed a high probability of the presence of a local analogue of the Great Dike of Rhodesia in the area of Great Yakutsk. It is named the Great Dike of Yakutia and represents a layered ore-bearing giant abyssolith. The area is delineated which is most favorable for deep studies of the Great Dike of Yakutia and estimating its ore-bearing potential.

The issues of possible oil bearing of Lower Jurassic and Lower Triassic parts of the section are discussed. We selected potential oil-gas deposit in producing horizon T₁-X with approximate resources of gas over 2 billion m³ and oil over 15 million tons. Based on the analysis of lithologic and thermobaric conditions, taking into account history of geologic development of Viluy sedimentary basin, it is concluded that processes of formation and reformation of hydrocarbons deposits and concentrations in Khapchagai geologic area continue till present time. Lower part of Lower Triassic Tagandzhin formation is chosen as the most promising with regard to prospecting oil concentrations in Sobolokh-Nedzhelin gas-condensate deposit.

The Upper Silurian (Pridolian) and the Lower Devonian beds of Northeast Eurasia are characterized by five regocyclites to which five stages in evolution of the organic world correspond. Synchronism of these events is a basis for determination of five regional series: Talyndzhinskaya, Neljudimskaya, Sagyrskaya, Nelichenskaya and Krivoruchjevskaya which are characterized by a dimer structure. In the structure of Neljudimskaya series the Samyrskaya and Gonskaya, in the structure of Sagyrskaya series – Koronkynsky and Darsky, in the structure of Nelichenskaya series – Lednikovsky and Galkinsky, in the structure of Krivoruchjevskaya series – Nikolaevsky and Geremgandzhinsky regional stages are defined.

The specified version of the Unified Regional Stratigrafical Scheme of Quarternary Deposits of Central Siberia, developed on the basis of the analysis of structure of Mammoth fauna of Northwest, Western and Central Yakutia is presented. The structure of fauna of Central Siberia given in the Unified scheme can not be extrapolated on the territory of Yakutia where the giant deer did not exist and in northwest of which, obviously, a fox, a glutton, a red deer and a snow sheep were not found.

Jurusania tuructachica columnar stromatolites were found earlier in Porokhtakh formation Vendian northwestern slope of Aldan anteclise on Olekma river. This stromatolite constitutes level sub-cylindrical columns 0,5-2,0 cm thick and 8-15 cm height. Geologist A.A. Surnin took Jurusania tuructachica sample in Byukskaya (Tinnovskaya) formation of Upper Vendian south of Berezovsky trough, upper Torgo settlement. Several sections were cut out of this sample, characterizing columns of stromatolite and carbonate country rock. For study with Jeol JSM – 6480LV scanning electron microscope some samples were polished, another ones were viewed without etching. The study showed that, ultrastructures of Jurusania tuructachica stromatolite and its country rocks are slightly different, since ultrastructure of country rocks is sub-crystallomorphic and crystallomorphicglobular, and stromatolite ultrastructure is crystallomorphic, globular and collomorphic. Crystals are similar in size. Surface is hummocky, incrustation-like, trochlear, rarely smooth. Carbonate formations, resembling organic remains, are found. These are elongated hollow pipes, various threads and rounded formations.

It is revealed for the first time that natural gas hydrates are subjected to chemical transformations which directions are determined by hydrates composition and mechanoactivation conditions. The main direction of mechanochemical transformations of gas hydrates which is lengthening of a carbon skeleton of hydroformers becomes possible if natural gas is converted into a hydrate. A chain length of the hydrocarbon products after hydroformers mechanoactivation depends on hydrate composition. The main component of the gas phase obtained at mechanoactivation of natural gas hydrates is hydrogen.

Morphological similarities and differences between Karakattanella Kolosov, 1983, microfossils and some modern microorganisms are considered in order to identify whether the first ones belong to major taxa of the organic world. Karakattanella Kolosov microfossils were firstly identified (in thin sections) in red jaspers of the Lower Cambrian of the Karakattinskaya Series of the Northern Tien Shan. This horizon records Renalcis Vologdin, Epiphyton Bornemann etc., widespread in Cambrian, along with Karakattanella radiate. Also algae are found, previously had been described in the Lower Cambrian of the Siberia: Shanganella tuvaica Vologdin, Sh.seralachia Kolosov, Timudophyton nucamentum Vologdin and Girvanella sibirica Maslov. The results of the study let us suggest that, according to the presence of unbranched simple uniserial threads and radial arrangement of threads in the colony, Karakattanella genus microfossils are comparable with recent species of Rivulariacea family, filamentous types of red algae of Florideophyceae class and Conidia form water pseudo fungi of oomycete class with radiant structure.

The evaluation of possibility of a water body liquidation in the «Aikhal» pit using mathematical model on the various options of taluses formation with specified thermal and humidity properties was carried out. Long-term forecast for temperature regime of an artificial rock pad with allowance for climatic conditions of the region was conducted. Recommendations for creation of rock dump with different parameters at the bottom of worked-out pit, allowing creating stable ice-soil shield, which prevents filtration of floodwater in under-pit space of the deposit are developed.

Lube distillate fractions (300–350, 350–400 and 400–450^oC) from petroleum of the Irelyakh field were obtained. The study of composition and physical and chemical properties of the lube distillates showed the possibility of using them as a base for some classes of motor oils.

We investigated the dynamics of plant biomass on burnt places in Central Yakutia. It is found that plant biomass is the biggest on the first stage of succession (723–953 g/m²) with Chamaenerion angustifolium and Marchantia polymorpha sinusia. Then the biomass degreases on the succession stage when cereals and mix herbs grow(233 g/m²). When forest species occupy a burnt place, plant biomass stabilizes and slowly increases (748–791 g/m²).

Preliminary results of soil-ecological studies in the middle reaches of the Lena River are presented. The main objects for study of physical properties were cryogenic meadow-chernozem soils wide spread in the suburban area of the city of Yakutsk which are intensively used in agriculture as well as recreational areas. A small water stability of macroand mezoagregates , considerable variability of unit weight and water permeability of the soil under anthropogenic, technogenic and zoogenic effects are revealed, which leads to deterioration of ecological and soil conditions of growing of as steppe vegetation and cultivated crops. With intensive anthropogenic pressure the same noticeable consolidation of upper soil layers occurs as at technogenic and zoogenic effects, which in turn leads to a decrease of the efficiency of atmospheric precipitation absorption into the soil.

Ontogenesis of valuable fodder grass Agrostis diluta Kurcz. was studied from positions of three conceptions: discreteness of ontogenesis, modular organization and polyvariation of plants development. Four periods and nine ontogenetic stages are identified in the ontogenesis. 10 elementary, 16 universal and 4 basic module types are identified in a modular structure of the species. The modular organization of individuals in each ontogenetic stage is composed. The structural (morphological and dimensional) polyvariation is revealed in structure of phytomers, shoots and individuals shoots systems in each ontogenetic group.

Data on new floristic findings of rare plants of Asteraceae in the territory of the Amur region and the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) are presented. Centaurea scabiosa L. have been found in Amur region flora for the first time. New locality of Saussurea pseudoangustifolia Lipsch. in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is also presented.

The results of sanitary and biological characteristics of seven lakes in the environs of Yakutsk are presented. 388 species and varieties of epiphytic algae belonging to 7 divisions are identified, among them 126 taxa are indicators of water saprobity. Betamesosaprobes – 39.8% of the total species found were dominant in saprobiological groups. Oligosaprobes, alfamesosaprobes and polysaprobes were the least in number. Saprobity indices are low in lake Poimennoye – 1.66 and lake Ytyk-Kel – 1.78 (betaoligosaprobic), their waters are ranged to the second class of water purity. A slight increase in the indices of saprobity are marked in lake Solenoye – 1.83, Sergelyakh – 1.89 and Saysary – 1.90 (oligo-alpha-mesosaprobic ) that allows to attribute them to the third class of water purity. High saprobity values are in lakes Hatyn-Yuriakh – 2.02 and Beloye – 2.05 (betamesosaprobic) and their waters are rated as medium impured.

Environmental health monitoring system requires application of various techniques. One of the most convenient and low-cost approaches is assessment of environmental health by indicators of aberrations in organism developmental stability. On morphogenetic level, aberrations in developmental stability manifest themselves in particular in rise in the level of fluctuating asymmetry. Plants are first to react to environmental changes, so assessment of conditions in which plants grow is of great significance to prediction of community well-being. Data obtained with this method allow to examine and establish programs on health protection for population living in regions with high levels of pollution.

Brief data on energy and biological value of commercial fish of Yakutia are presented. The results of laboratory studies on determination of biochemical composition of different species of the fish with the evaluation of their biological and energy value are given. It is founded that the commercial fish of Yakutia are rich in macroand microelements, polyunsaturated fatty acids (linoleic, linolenic and arachidonic) and vitamins.

One of the main issues of hunting economy at present time which is a methodology of intraeconomic arrangement of hunting grounds is discussed. The importance of knowledge of hunting users about content of works and structure of projects for the arrangement of hunting grounds on the example of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is shown. The question of insufficiency of normative base of arrangement of hunting grounds at a regional level (typology and appraisal of hunting grounds) is discussed and it is stated that it does not assist qualitative performance of project works. Data about population density of main types of hunting animals in hunting grounds of a district of Central Yakutia, used for definition of optimum number are presented.

The problem of interaction as the condition of a creative team of teachers and children in terms of philosophical, psychological and pedagogical sciences is discussed. Characteristic of interaction as a scientific category is analyzed, understanding of its essence and specificity in the writings of Е. Fromm, M. Bakhtin, К. Rogers, S.Frank, L.Tolstoy, K.А. Abulhanovа-Slavskаia, E. Ericson, A. Leontiev and others is revealed. It is stated the fact that interaction of teachers and children is a pedagogically regulated contact aimed at mutual change and development of the participants of process.

In the modern times the system of education is responsible for the preservation and development of native languages and national cultures. Without solving the problems in education sphere, we deal with a consequence but not the causes of linguistic and cultural assimilation. The article highlights possible critical situations that may arise in the regional system of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) in terms of objectives of preserving the culture and languages of indigenous people:

• a threat of ethnic identity loss by the youth, its «separation» from national culture, language, ethnospecific forms of communication and behavior and national values under the pressure of mass culture and the values of «consumer society»;
• reduction of young people interest to their native language and national culture;
• crisis of school as an institution of language and culture

The analysis is based on the results of a pilot and a complex polls of the population of Yakutia (2011), the expert survey (2012) conducted within the framework of the project «Foresight of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) to 2050», implemented by North-Eastern Federal University named after M.K.Ammosov and Siberian Federal University. Also the results of studies of the development of the regional system of education, conducted in 2011-2012 in 16 districts of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) were used.