One of the little-known objects of the solar space are so-called magnetic clouds. The analysis of a large number of factual material obtained by remote spacecrafts Helios-1 and Helios-2, Voyager and IMP allowed to interpret the magnetic clouds as large-scaled expanding quasi-cylindrical tubes of magnetic field. It is assumed that the solar magnetic clouds are caused by solar mass ejections associated with large quiet eruptive fibers. Comprehensive theory of this phenomenon does not still exist. Therefore, this paper attempts partially to fill this gap. An exact analytical solution, which describes a long (but compact in the radial direction) structure with a forceless magnetic field, is obtained. It is shown that such structure can be realized if the forceless magnetic field of this structure will be immersed in an external background magnetic field. The results of this paper may be of certain interest for illustration of existing possibilities that can be implemented in the solar wind and other astrophysical, geophysical and also laboratory situations with plasma of low gas pressure.

The network of ionospheric stations in the north-east of Russia, located in Yakutsk, Zhigansk, Norilsk and Tixie Bay, and extended from about L = 3 to 6, is a convenient tool for studying the dynamics and structure of the auroral and subauroral ionosphere. In this work the study of parameters and characteristics of highlatitude travelling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) was conducted. Recognition of travelling ionospheric disturbances is identified by the characteristic Utraces, i.e. by additional traces on vertical sounding ionograms, which are a signature of ionospheric TIDs. Ionosonde data over several years are analyzed, and the statistics of TIDs-events is given. By using ionospheric data such parameters as wave period, phase velocity and direction of motion of the TIDs were calculated. The dependence of the TIDs registration from geomagnetic activity level is showed. It is found that the Doppler frequency shift in the F-layer can be used as an additional signature of the TIDs registration over observation station. The spectral characteristics of travelling ionospheric disturbances depending on the variations of critical frequencies and F-layer heights are presented. With increasing of geomagnetic activity the spectrum of daytime travelling ionospheric disturbances, on the critical frequency, is shifted to larger periods.

Usually earthquakes are registered on earthquake seismometers that measure amplitude of seismic waves. In present study the comparison of the earthquake registration moments on seismograms and magnetic measurements of MAGDAS-9 system are presented. It is revealed that strong earthquake emergences are marked at horizontal level meter (tiltmeter) data, being a part of the instrument along with the magnetometer. The device is sensitive to seismic waves of big amplitude distribution, which passing rather sharply accurate (to a second) becomes apparent on its records. The calculations of seismic waves speed distribution value from seismic focus to a magnetometer location are in a good agreement with the current conceptions.

New editions of standard test methods for determination of elastic properties of rock (static elastic modulus, Poisson’s ratio) under compression were approved in the USA, Germany and Russia in 2004–2010. In this paper the comparative analysis of standard test methods is given and their merits and demerits are indicated. From the literature data it is known that for most rocks the upper limit of the elastic stage is in the range of 30-50% of the ultimate strength in uniaxial compression of the sample. After that in the sample irreversible structural changes connected with the formation and development of microcracks begins. For a correct determination of the elastic properties of the rock it is necessary to define the boundaries of the elastic deformation of a sample. In the paper the various methods of determining the boundaries of the elastic deformation of a sample are discussed. On the basis of the conducted analysis it is drawn a conclusion that standard DIN EN 14580 corresponds to the requirements of a physical correctness in a greater degree.

The basic technological parameters of continuous basalt fiber formation from raw materials of a field of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) are determined. It is established that fusion viscosity change most of all influences received fiber diameter size. The analytical interrelation between viscosity, chemical composition, structure of fusion and basalt fusion temperature is found. On the basis of the solution of heat and hydrodynamic and rheological problems of continuous basalt fiber outflow and taking into account the viscosity of local raw materials the ratios for the basic technological parameters of the process are found.

Microstructural changes and the nature of strength of a low alloy steel were investigated after volume nanostructuring using the conditions of «warm» (at 300°C ... 500°C) and «cold» (at room temperature) equal channel angular pressing (ECAP), which provided a technically significant improvement of the material’s mechanical properties. For the first time the effect of nanoscale structural elements formation in the ferriticpearlitic steel during recrystallization after cold ECAP was substantiated and confirmed. From positions of the kinetic concept of fracture the analysis of damage accumulation features and crack formation processes in nanostructured metal under static and dynamic loading was conducted. The priority data was obtained in identifying the role of nano-submicron structure elements as factors of high strength state of metallic materials. It was established that the refinement of structural components of steel enables for strain-induced selforganization of structure during subsequent loading, as a result the localization of deformation occurs at the later stages compared to a material in the coarse-grained state. The determining factors in the fracture process are the multiple character of initial discontinuities’ nucleation and a change of the base micromechanism of fracture by quasi-cleavage to more energy-intensive micromechanisms of fracture – ductile dimple fracture and dispersive quasi-cleavage.

Extreme service conditions in the Far North are characterized by sharp drops of temperatures which may reach 100 and more degrees on materials surface, depending on their reflecting ability, with repeated transition through a water freezing point. Such negative climatic factors substantially cause decrease in efficiency of operation of technical constructions and equipment in the conditions of Far North, including railway transport. In the article a process of accumulation of damage in a material is investigated, the technique of assessment of damage and a resource of a bandage of the locomotive wheel operated in the conditions of low climatic temperatures is described. The rated and experimental technique of assessment of accumulation of damages and rated resource of a bandage of a locomotive wheel is given. The criterion of destruction considering both fatigue nature of destruction, and shock influence during passing rail joints, sensitive to decrease in temperature of operation is offered.

The paper presents possible ways of gas whereabouts in cryolithozone rocks on the phase state, where it enters the mine atmosphere of underground workings, breaking the standard of sanitary hygiene, mining occupational health and safety. The overwhelming majority of the gas component in the cryolithozone rocks is a gas from decomposition of relict gas hydrates because of its high concentration in the hydrate, reaching up to 200 volumes to 1 volume of hydrate. In practice it is known the case of miners (3 pers.) gas-poisoning with fatal accidents (2 pers.) during their being in idle mine No.38 where recurring mining works of technologenic deep buried placer «Hatyn Yuriakh» of Allah-Yunsky gold-bearing area took place. The forensic examination drew a conclusion that the cause of the tragedy was mechanical asphyxia and pulmonary edema due to lack of oxygen in the body, because of changing of composition of mine air as a result of inflow of methane and carbon dioxide from the surrounding rocks into the atmosphere of idle, isolated from the surface excavation. The analytical calculation of volume of methane entering the shaft atmosphere of the cryolithozone in summer time period of operation due to violation of thermobaric conditions of stability of gas hydrates in frozen rocks. To estimate the gas content in the frozen rocks containing relict gas hydrates it is proposed to use the ratio of hydratation (К_h) under the action of self-preservation effect hydrates determined from experimental data.

The fundamental basis of rough diamonds scanning technologies, the input of crystal geometry into a computer, creation of optimal forms of a diamond is a method of mathematical modelling. Consumer properties of scanning devices are largely determined by employed mathematical models and algorithms. Currently available hardware and software systems do not fully satisfy demands, which are required on the real production process of cutting diamonds. This is explained, in the first place, by shortcomings of mathematical models, imperfection of algorithms of processing of results of scanning of three-dimensional objects, etc. In this paper a probabilistic approach to the mathematical modeling of the optical properties of diamond is proposed. An algorithm of calculation of optical properties of a brilliant taking into account laws of geometrical optics, including light absorption by diamond and the Fresnel formulas is developed and realized. Dependences of intensity of the light flow reflected from a diamond on the slope angle of the main crown facet have been obtained. There have been determined angular distributions of intensity for diamonds: Pear, Marquise and comparisons with the distribution of the diamond Round-57 have been made. The obtained results can be used for the design of fancy forms of diamonds, more efficient use of rough diamonds, as well as for the correction of parameters of a diamond through the analysis of the physical properties of a diamond.

In the work the research of a friction surface of a diamond drill with a ceramic-metal matrix in the course of drilling of materials is conducted. The change of a drill working surface relief was studied with an interval of 10 sec.; the beginning of an active exposure of cutting sides of diamond particles and the subsequent effect of self-sharpening are established. Formation and change process of «apron» of a matrix material behind a diamond particle is revealed at surface wear. Diamond particles don't lose cutting ability in the course of drilling as a result of strong keeping in a hard-alloy matrix with copper impregnation. It is shown that distribution of microhardness of a matrix is even which points to absence of platforms of copper bunches. It is revealed that at wear the wear-in stage occupies an insignificant site, the main wear of the tool occurs in the steady mode; catastrophic wear isn't observed.

Promising options for long-distance transport of electricity to unite isolated regions of The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), followed by a link to Siberian, Eastern interconnections and its integration into the Unified Energy System of Russia for large-scale entering the Asia-Pacific electric power markets. The methods to ensure stable operation of the self-compensating line with the intermediate power takeoff are also presented.

Comparative analysis of freezing and thawing thermograms of grounds of different dispersion shows that using them one can obtain information on phase composition of the water in frozen soils. In the article the results of investigation of unfrozen water content in zeolite, depending on the humidity are presented.

According to the modern data of hot Earth’s accretion kimberlite diamonds and residual kimberlite melts were a result of a magma ocean fractionation. The increase of content of SiO₂ in residual melts caused the increase of its viscosity, content of C in it and reduced speed of C diffusion. This is the reason of diamond crystallization in the following succession octahedrons–rhombic dodecahedrons–cubes and octahedrons with flat faces – with shading faces–polycentric–blocked–round stepped.

Typochemical features of noble metals and their inclusions as well as rare element minerals from complex diamond placers are considered. Discussed is possible relation between associate useful components of the placers and Phanerozoic ultrabasite, picrite, alkali rocks and carbonatite complexes partly buried beneath Mesozoic strata of the Lena-Anabar basin. Mineralogical-geochemical aspects of the formation of a series of alkali basic-ultrabasic magmatites of the Anabar province from a meimechite melt are briefly shown.

The results of field investigations of glacial morphoscultptures in the northern massif of the SuntarKhayata Range are presented. Using lichenometry, Schmidt Hammer Test and GIS-mapping, we have documented the Late Holocene glacial events in the area. The study suggests that a moraine belt lying 600-700 m from the modern termini of Glacier 31 and Glacier 29 was formed during the Little Ice Age (LIA). Having reached their maximum extent during the 13th-16th century global cooling, the glaciers remained stationary until the middle of the 20th century. Time series of aerial and satellite images show a retreat of the glaciers since then, which strongly accelerated in the second half of the 20th century.

Water objects of New Siberian Islands, especially water reservoirs and rivers of Faddeyevsky peninsula, are poorly known components of this remote territory. In this article we presented the first results of water object chemical analysis for Faddeyevsky peninsula. 7 lakes, 2 polygon ponds, the Alyn river and Gedenshtrom’s Bay were investigated. All investigated water reservoirs were divided into three groups de- pending on surface area dimensions: small ones, middle ones and big ones. All water reservoirs had small water depth. Studied lakes are water masses in basins which were created as result of ground ice melting. Natrium was dominant cation for the most part of the water objects. Bicarbonates were prevailing anions. Exception of this situation with hydrochemical composition is Gedenshtrom’s Bay, where chloride ions were dominant. Almost all water objects (except Gedenshtrom’s Bay) can be considered like «ultra-fresh» ones, pH fluctuates from neutral to weakly alkaline values. For some water objects we found that concentrations of ammonium, strontium and phosphate anion were more than Russian fishing ecological limits for hydrochemical components in water. As result of this work new data of physical and chemical features for natural water objects of Faddeyevsky peninsula were obtained.

This paper presents the results of study an aggressiveness of thawed and frozen soils in Yakutsk city. The classification of soils in terms of their aggressiveness towards construction foundations. Anthropogenic ag- gressive soils are widespread in Yakutsk area, but unlike the natural soils they have no area wide develop- ment. Soils highly aggressive to concrete are confined to the older part of the city 200-300 years in age. The freezing temperature of soils salinized with magnesium, sodium and calcium chlorides and sulfates is –2,3ºС at depths of 2 to 5 m and –1,1ºС at depth of 6 m.

The paper presents the results of long-termed investigations of taxonomical and ecological-geographical diversity of phytoplankton of the middle and lower reaches of the Lena River. The composition of plankton communities comprises 715 determined algae species represented by 898 taxa, which totals 37,1% of algal flora of water bodies of the river’s basin. The basis of diversity of plankton formed in natural environment is made up by wide-spread cosmopolitan and boreal forms of divisions Chlorophyta, Bacillariophyta. As regard to salinity and active reaction on the environment, indifferent species prevail. The portion of species indicating saprobity of water environment reaches 54,6%.

Research on identification of radio modifying action of different concentrations of A. retrofexus L. lyophilizate on physiological and biochemical characteristics of three sprouts grades of wheat are conducted. It is established that post-radiation soaking by A. retrofexus L. lyophilizate of seeds of the studied grades of wheat caused, both radio tire-tread, and radio sensitizing action on indexes of weight and common antioxidative protection of sprouts. It is assumed that amarantin, a part of A. retrofexus L. lyophilizate, being an efficient antioxidant takes a direct part in the inactivation of free radicals that leads to decrease in speed of free-radical reactions which toxic products strike critical structures of a cell and break a natural course of its metabolism.

In the paper the second find of mountain cicada Cicadetta montana (Scopoli, 1772) in the permafrost zone of Eastern Siberia is described. The mountain cicada is widely distributed in the southern and middle latitudes of Europe, Middle Asia, Kazakhstan, the Caucasus, south of Siberia and Far East. It has been entered into some local Red Data Books of the Russian Federation as a rear and threatened species. Duration of the development cycle of mountain cicada in the European part of Russia lasts 4 to 6 years. The first record of mountain cicada in the middle taiga subzone of Eastern Siberia was made on the right bank of the Yenisei River in the vicinity of the Bakhta settlement [1]. In South-Western Yakutia one female of this species was collected in the Lena River valley near Olyekminsk town. Warming effect of the large Siberian river water masses promote distribution of insects like cicadas from the south far towards the north. The mountain cicada successfully adapted to climatic features of the Olyekminsk section of the Lena River valley and survive under conditions of low temperature of the permafrost zone of Eastern Siberia.

The results of the research on hydrobiological sampling of the Chroma river and Chromskaya Bay basin are considered. It has been found that the phytoplankton mainly consists of blue-green algae averaging 48000 kcal/l; zooplankton composition has 36,5 mg/m³ of cladocerans, zoobenthos composition is 19,8 g/m² at the occupation density over 1000 spec/m² including over 600 spec/m² of oligochaetes. In general fish nutrition is characterized with a changable food resource, relatively small species constituting its food items and absence both the prevalent spp and a group of spp for fish to forage throughout a year round. For most of 14 fish spp a low growth rate is typical entailing late sexual maturity and high individual fecundity. The industrial development of the Chroma basin caused acute negative changes of hydrological and hydrobiological conditions of the river. After the 1990s until the present the situation changed to the better because some tin mining enterprises closed: solid release became less resulting in the increase of biomass of zooplankton and benthos communities including the dimension factor for the whitefish and broad whitefish which are dominant commercial species of the Chroma.

In article on the basis of analysis of institutional dynamics and factors of its intensification, examines the role of education as a factor of overcoming transaction costs. On the material of specific sociological research conducted in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) identifies factors causing the adaptation of the youth in the conditions of transformation of the modern Russian society.

Author's vision of management process in sports and sports activity (system approach) is given. The special emphasis is placed on formation of main indicators, analysis of resources and results of this kind of activity. Analytical tasks are presented in interrelations with stages of adoption of administrative decisions.

The article is devoted to the study of A.P. Chekhov’s story «Ionich» and reveals some techniques of students' comprehension of literary heroes as the reference group. Some possibilities of improving of universal educational actions in literature classes are considered. It is shown that in the process of value selfidentification significant impact on it may be caused by both positive and negative reference groups of literary heroes, talk about true and false moral values.

The article reveals the problems of formation of professional choreographic education in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The development of three-level choreographic education in Yakutia covered difficult period from the 1930s till the early 2000s. Initial level appeared in the 1930s, when musical-theatrical educational institutions music schools, dance studios, musical and vocal groups were first established and which then developed into professional theatres, schools and colleges. Those years teachers-specialists were invited from Moscow and Leningrad. Ballet dancers of the musical theater till 1950s were graduates of semi-professional dance studios, they did not get a complete professional education. Preparation of professional ballet dancers of Yakutia, which training requires special conditions and lasts 8 years, from 1950s to 1990s was carried out in some central Russian cities Moscow, Leningrad, Novosibirsk, Ulan-Ude. The middle level of choreographic education appeared in Yakutia with the creation in 1966 the Republican Cultural and Educational College, where folk dance choreographers training started. Founding in 1995 on the initiative of the first president of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) M. Nikolaev the Republican Choreographic School and the Arctic Institute of Arts and Culture (AGIIK) in 2000, opened a new page the highest stage in the development of professional education of Yakutia. Nowadays the ballet dancers of the State Theatre of Opera and Ballet are graduates of the Yakut Choreographic College named after A. and N. Poselskikh and the department of choreography of AGIIK.