The state of the coal resources in Chukotka and the polar regions of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is considered. A comparative analysis of reserves of the regions is shown and the possibilities of their development are described. Database of coal deposits and occurrences of the Arctic zone of the North-East of Russia, including related tables with geographic, geological, technological, economic, logistical and other indicators is generated based on collected, analyzed and selected sources of information. Database of Taymylyrsky deposits of coal and algal coal is created and its vector, frame and modular digital models are constructed. It is shown that increase of coal mining is restrained as very difficult conditions of delivery of solid fuels from mining to consumers so the necessity for geological and economic revaluation of proven reserves for modern economic restricts to identify effective and ineffective deposits. This is necessary to determine the actual state of the resource base of coal deposits of the Russian Arctic.

Oil production is the most important sector of the Russian economy. In the face of declining oil prices and the introduction of Western sanctions, the government and the largest vertically integrated companies meet the objective of maintaining and increasing the volume of oil production. Development of oil field is a long term investment project, which is characterized by uncertainty and risks at all stages of realization. The article actualizes creation of universal tool for geological and economic evaluation of exploration and further development of oil field. Scheme of an expert system for efficiency evaluation of oil field development is proposed. The main elements of the expert system are described; the advantages of using the expert system to assess the economic efficiency of oil development in comparison with the involvement of experts are indicated.

Adamantanes are characterized by high thermal stability and resistance to biodegradation, that allow to use them for genetic correlation in oil-oil system. In this context, we studied the content, composition and character of distribution of adamantane hydrocarbons in different genetic types of oil and condensate of West Yakutia. The following materials were studied: condensate of the Middle Viluy field from horizon T1-III, oil of the Mastakh deposit from horizon J1-I, both genetically related to the organic matter of sapropelite-humite of the continental facies, as well as Vendian-Cambrian oils of the Talakan and Irelyakh deposits generated by the organic matter of the marine facies.

Adamantane and its homologues were found in all the studied fluids. The amount of adamantanes is mainly controlled by the chemical type of oil and the source of their generation. The highest content of adamantane hydrocarbons (0,28%) is established in naphthene oil of the Mastakh deposit, while the lowest concentration (0,04%) is registered in alkane oils of the Talakan and Irelyakh deposits. The Middle Viluy condensate contains 0,08% adamantanes. Close-cut oil and condensate fractions distilled at 150-250оC are close in the composition of adamantanes and in the character of their distribution. As the distillation temperature of the fractions rises, their adamantane contents and the total amount of low-molecular alkyl adamantanes decrease while that of high-molecular ones increases.

A disequilibrium distribution of alkyl adamantanes is established in all the fluids studied, which, in general, is typical of oils. This is indicative of the important role of the kinetic factor in the formation of adamantane hydrocarbons. It is concluded that the amount and ratio of isomers of adamantane hydrocarbons depend not only on the composition of oil and the parent organic matter but also on the paths and time of hydrocarbons migration and the composition of the rocks acting as catalysts in isomerization processes.

Quartz of metamorphogenic-hydrothermal, gold-bismuth, gold-quartz lowsulfide, berthierite-antimonite, silver-antimony mineralization of Taryn ore-placer knot is studied. Basic typomorphic features of quartz are described and analyzed, such as lithium oxide content (Li₂O, g/t), unit cell volume (UCV Ǻ) and degree of crystalline perfection (DCP, relative %). Structural-textural features, characterizing duration and multistage of mineral formation are described at microlevel. New results of thermometric researches of fluid inclusions are presented and PT conditions of formation of vein quartz of the productive stage are defined.

The hypothesis of the genesis of gold-uranium deposits of the Elkon ore unit, based on the study of ancient greenstone belt relics among metamorphic sequences – Medvedev's ultrabasic-basic and kamenkovsky granitoid complexes in association with Mesozoic alkaline magmatism. The materials of geological and geochemical observations, including the study of trace element composition and distribution of the spectra of rare earth elements, their concentration in the amphibolites, uranium and gold in the host rocks. The analysis and comparison of the stages of the Mesozoic magmatism and mineralization in the sequence of metasomatic orebearing veins are carried out.

Perennial underground mining of placer deposits in the regions of permafrost distribution has a number of specific features, which primarily are related to necessity of providing workings stability in the warm season and mine atmosphere parameters normalization in winter. Prognosis estimation of air delivery permanent workings and stopes temperature condition, as well as rock mass holding it, were held (by means of mathematic modeling method) for projected placer mine “Solur” conditions. Optimal terms for mine conservation in summer are determined. Self-propelling mining equipment heat release value for forming temperature in working stopes and surrounding rock mass is shown.

The analysis of long-term and seasonal dynamics of chemical composition of the groundwaters of Jurassic aquifer complex of Chulman adartesian basin (South Yakutia) on the base of the field of groundwaters Elovoe for the period 2002 – 2010 is presented. The basic regularities of changes in the groundwaters chemical composition are revealed and the extent of the influence of the dynamics of groundwaters discharge on their chemical composition is estimated. Based on the data analysis of long-term monitoring observations it is established the stability of the chemical composition of the groundwaters in the long-term perspective and its variability throughout a year.

A comparative analysis of the ground temperature variations in the Yakutsk area has shown that the urban part of the city has relatively lower ground temperatures compared to the adjoining areas. The high failure rate of the heat and water supply lines is the main cause for disturbances to the physical and chemical properties and temperature regime of the foundation soils. Zonation mapping of the Yakutsk area by age of its development has been made.

Suprapermafrost waters actively respond to climate change and various anthropogenic interference due to its shallow bedding to ground surface. The article considers factors such as air temperature and terrain features that affect the mode and dynamics of seasonal thawing of soils and suprapermafrost waters in slightly disturbed conditions. The analysis showed there is a difference in the thickness of a layer of seasonal thawing of the soils and the temperature of the grounds of a layer of annual heatturns within even small area, and increase in salinity of suprapermafrost waters under aquifer maintaining during winter period.

One of the ways of reconstruction of a palaeoclimate are dendrochronological measurements. Today, there are only a few regions where construction of millennium-long sensitive to climate tree ring chronologies is possible. Gaps in global distribution of long regional chronologies make scientists search for possibilities to build new time-series and increase of quality of past climate reconstructions based on tree-rings. Here we present the prospects for dendroclimatic research in the Lena River Delta. Based on the materials of expeditions accomplished in 2013-2014 we discuss the possibilities to construct a new millennia-long chronology for the northern regions of Yakutia, that could become the key chronology for paleoclimatic reconstructions in both regional and global scale. The prospects to use the driftwood as a paleoclimatic archive for the whole circumpolar area of the Northern Hemisphere are discussed. Some new scientific directions and tasks for the unique region, the Lena River Delta are proposed to consider.

Monitoring of vegetation restitution in the woods struck with the Siberian silkworm is an actual ecological and forestry task. It is established that the initial stage of regeneration in affected by Dendrolimus superans sibiricus Tschetv. Cranberry larch forests of Lena-Amga interfluve goes by the open plant community direction with the active introduction of meadow species and degradation of forest species. Increase in covering of grassy vegetation species in the first years of development goes slower, because of the influence of remained alive forest lower layer vegetation after disturbance. Recovering dynamics of vegetation in disturbed by Dendrolimus superans sibiricus Tschetv., begin from the birch and larch young forest, it is the same as in clear cut and burnt areas of larch forests.

In 2009 floristic and geobotanical research to estimate a current state and study the features of primary alluvial successions of a forest and shrubby vegetation of the middle reaches of the Alazeya River valley was conducted. The research was executed with application of traditional and new geobotanical approaches and methods. It is established that in the valley of the Alazeya River there are general basic signs peculiar to alluvial dynamics of vegetation at developed valleys of plain rivers: vectored qualitative and structural complication of ecosystems in the course of transition from initial open herb groups to zonal coniferous forests through the growth of high-close shrubby communities. It is established that alluvial successional processes in the valley are defined not only by climatic and soil conditions, but also by ecological and biological properties of the dominating species: amplitude of their ecological optimum, success of seed and vegetative regeneration, ecological competition and duration of a life cycle. The special feature of the Middle Alazeya valley successions are: comparative floristic poverty and simplified nature of the successional line, broad participation of the arctic-subarctic, the arctic-alpine species of willows, mesohygrophilous and hygromesophilous herb layers of phytocenoses practically at all stages of the dynamics, and also noticeable influence of boreal and marsh cenotic elements. These features of the dynamics are caused by the geographical position and climatic specifics of the Kolyma Lowland with limited resources of heat, close bedding and a high icy constituent in frozen soils, poor differences of the relief and low drainage of frozen northern taiga typical gleysoils.

For the first time over the last 50 years a geobotanical research of the current state of the forest territories of the Yakut botanical garden IBPC of the Siberian Branch of the RAS is conducted. In 1965 the woods occupied 70% of the area of the botanical garden. It is revealed that the area of the forest part has decreased by almost 20% and now it covers 497 hectares. In the species composition of the forests the conifers dominate and make 68%. The main tree species are larch – 35%, pine – 28%, birch –15%, the rest – 22%. Totally it is found 9 types of forests typical for Central Yakutia which are 3 types of pine forests, 3 larch forests, 2 birch forests, 1 willow forest. The age structure of the forests: ripe – 32%, middle – 61%, young – 7%. Forest communities are represented by 27 species of woody plants. The result of the increase of anthropogenic pressure on the forests of Yakut Botanical Garden is the transformation of the species composition of the forest communities, reducing the areas occupied by coniferous species of plants, waterlogging and soil salinity.

The results of morphometric and morphological studies of the Lena-Amga Interfluve lakes are described. The limnological structure is given for diverse lakes situated on lower (non-differentiated lower abovefloodplain terrace and Sergelyakh), middle (Bestyakh, Tyungyulyu, Abalakh and Magan) and upper (Emil’) terraces of the Lena River basin. Distributional patterns are given for morphomertrical parameters (water surface area, maximal length-width ratio, oblongness coefficient, irregularity of shoreline, capacity) of 181 lakes within the studied landscapes. According to morphological classification of I.I. Zhirkov, the studied lakes belong to thermokarst, erosion-thermokarst, water-erosion, tukulan, and anthropogenic types. It is emphasized that all discerned landscapes (terraces) featured prevailing “small” and “lesser” lakes with maximum depth values up to 3.12 m, their shape being nearly circle or ellipse with slightly indented shoreline. The outstanding feature of hydrographic regime of the studied area is variability of lake levels due to small depths.

Freshwater fish parasites, various groups of invertebrates (many of which are first intermediate hosts of ichtiohelmints) and fish are under the direct influence of the environment throughout the life cycle, including pollutants penetrating into waters with sewage of diversified industries. Therefore study of freshwater fish parasite fauna associated with multi-factor contamination of the aquatic environment may be considered as one of the most important research direction that forms the scientific basis for optimization of environmental management.

A comparative analysis of the fish parasites in various parts of the middle reaches of the Lena river and its tributary Viluy was conducted in summer 2013. 70 pieces of dace and 40 pieces of pike were studied by the method of full helmint break up. In the Viluy river the increased number of parasites with a direct life cycle and the reduced number of parasites with a complex life cycle determined by high pollution by mining wastes were revealed. Thus, currently under high industrial pressure on the Viluy river a gradual decrease in the degree of invasion of fish with diphyllobothriid plerocercoids is observed. Ultimately, this leads to the gradual destruction of the centers of diphyllobothriasis and their dying out which is of epidemiological and epizootic significance. In the middle reaches of the Lena river in the vicinity of Yakutsk the infection of pike with Diphyllobothrium latum plerocercoids and that of dace with gill Trichodina denotes the contamination of this part of the river with household wastes.

Fresh water ecosystems of the Arctic regions of Russia have recently attracted significant attention due to climate change and global warming which may result in shift or decrease of home ranges of animals inhabiting the Arctic. The object of this study is to reveal structural parameters of zooplankton communities of various water bodies in the Lena River Delta. The preliminary results of zooplankton communities studies of different water bodies types of the Lena River Delta are presented. The Arctic zone lakes are poor of biogenic elements and low mineralized. According to structural characteristics zooplankton has low biodiversity and low quantitative characteristic. Zooplankton communities have a mixed type of habitat characteristics, with prevalence of cosmopolitan and eurytopic species, but species typical for northern waters are dominant quantitatively (Kellicotia longispina (Kellicot, 1879), (Eudiaptomus graciloides (Lilljeborg, 1888)). According to the assessment of water quality the water bodies are clean, oligosaprobic and oligotrophic.

According to air examination and winter field studies it was found that the construction of linear structures (roads, pipelines, electric main) creates obstacles to a free movement of wild ungulates as the formation of a gap of unbroken forest area, technogenic disturbance, sometimes physical barriers. This circumstance can lead to fragmentation of forestland, change of migration and separation of populations of wild ungulates on grouping. The result of this work revealed that on the area ESPO the wild animals are little. According to the calculations of population density per 10 sq. km. there will be wild reindeer 0,01 pieces, elk 0,01 pieces, red deer – 0,01 pieces. These quantitative metrics indicate the low population density of wild ungulates in South-Western Yakutia. The water conduit for the movement of large wild ungulates is unsurmountable obstacle. During seasonal movements moose was frequently observed near the water conduit . There are cases of illegal hunting of moose along the water conduit. Over 350 km along the roads and railways elks transitions were not found. Conducting several parallel to each other linear structures expands the area of obstacles thus making it difficult overcome and enhancing the wild ungulates psychological barrier.

The paper presents the results of a sociological survey conducted in 2010 in purpose to study the selfdetermination of students of higher education institutions are presented. The official statistics on the labor market and employment of the Territorial Department of the Federal State Statistics Service on the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) of January-April 2014 and the statistics of current vacancies of the Department of Employment of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) on the employment centers of municipalities of the republic of June 2014. Observation of the life of young people and the analysis of the factors that guide the choice of young people in favor of rural life, shows that the solution of the problem of keeping young people in rural areas is closely linked to necessity of urgent social and economic development of the rural infrastructure, with conducting purposeful work on formation at the youth of conviction in appeal of a rural conduct of life, with the development of a comprehensive program of employment for graduates according to one’s profession line.

There is an increased demand for Health and Sports programmes for children in local clubs and fitness clubs, they are now becoming more popular. This is due to a shift in parents' attitudes toward physical education of children of different ages. They can now choose classes depending on the family's needs and the child's interest. The aim of the study is to analyse how the classes for children in fitness clubs are organised and carried out, and how the children are instructed. The results have demonstrated the following aspects of successful programmes for children in fitness clubs: because the classes for children in fitness clubs are very diverse, specially-purposed rooms have to be assigned; the schedule should account for the age of children, their daily routine and availability for classes. The article suggests a content for Health and Sports programmes aimed at children of different ages (1 to 16 y.o.). In groups where children of different ages participate simultaneously, for the instruction to be most effective it is recommended to use a technique where the younger kids follow what the older kids do in exercises, as described by M. Montessori. An analysis of a pool of children's instructors in fitness clubs has shown that Health and Sports instructors and teachers working with children should possess higher professional education, be able to work with children of different ages, and have command of teaching techniques to help them work with groups containing different-aged children.