The shell shape modeling features of fragmentarily preserved goniatites of the species Uraloceras omolonense Bogoslovskaya et Boiko, 2002 from the Lower Permian of the Omolon massif are considered. The basic trends of the ontogenetic development of the shell shape of this species by the respective charts are revealed. The cross shell shape and ontogeny of U. omolonense models are created on the basis of a series of the shell cross-sections and measurements of fragmentarily preserved spirals. A cyclical development of the spiral is revealed: initially a medial spiral intensely stretches, at medium speed it stabilizes, and in the final ontogenesis it shrinks. During the stabilization period the shell wound spirally as close as possible to the logarithmic form. With respect to the external shell shape the following ontogenetic sequence is established: on the internal whorls the intense contraction of the shell and reducing of the umbo take place; at the medium whorls the shell narrowing increases but umbo narrowing weakens; in the terminal phase the shell shape stabilizes. According to the morphogenetic features the species U. omolonense is classified as the moderately involute subgroup of the U. simense group which dominated in the community of Sakmarian Uraloceras.

It is established that part of the Lower – Middle Jurassic lithological section is missing in closed areas in the eastern Siberian platform, in the buried Laptev subcoplex (T3r2–J3v) of the Verkhoyansk terrigenous complex (C1v–K1al1). These areas are restricted to the latitudinal segment of the Preverkhoyansk foredeep. In the sedimentary cover of the foredeep, in marine facies, we studied and traced (from natural exposures and deep core holes) a stratigraphic gap genetically related to the dropping of the regional clayey marker, the Suntar Formation, out of the continuous terrigenous sedimentogenesis of the Vilyui syneclise. A comparison of the established structure of the section and the well-known types of stratigraphic section in the Vilyui syneclise and the Preverkhoyansk foredeep (Suntar, Mastakh, Zhigansk, Khapchagay, Ust’-Vilyui and Aldan) necessitates putting into use of a new «Tukulan» type of section for the Lower – Middle Jurassic marine deposits. The age and stratigraphic volume of the Tukulan-type section were correlated with the International and regional stratigraphic scales. Analysis of paleomagnetic remains in local geologic bodies of this new type of section as well as correlation of their vertical sequence with sections of meridional and latitudinal segments of the Preverkhoyansk foredeep (Lena and Aldan RR. basins) confirm the need for using this new type of section for structures in the eastern Siberian platform such as the Lungkha – Kelya basin, the Tukulan protrusion and the Yakutian buried arched uplift. The foregoing shows that usage of this new type of section with its paleontological characteristics in exploration work in closed areas of the ancient Siberian platform will provide best substantiation for extending the radius of action of regional horizons (Zimniy through Malyshev) established in Siberia into the western periphery of the East Siberian structural-facies area.

Reproductive organs of algae are found in polished sections of partially fossil organogenic limestones of Byukskaya suite of the Vendian period of the Berezovsky Trough for the first time, using scanning electron microscope. They are clearly notable for exceptionally regular ellipsoidal shape. Comparison with reproductive organs of recent algae indicated that, their shape is similar to ellipsoidal gametangia of diplopora (green) of Codium Stackhouse genus, Codiaceae (Trevisan) Zanardini family and Ectocarpum algae (brown). On this basis, it is concluded that Codiaceae and Ectocarpum algae occur in Byukskaya suite of the Vendian period. Ultrastructure of calcareous rocks is identified. Organic structures have globular structures (constitutions) and structures containing reproductive organs of algae have crystallomorphic structures (constitutions).

A technique for identification of permafrost and taliks with use of satellite data is offered and also possibilities of mapping of their distribution in a zone of discontinuous permafrost in mountainous areas of South Yakutia, on the example of the Elkon mountain are shown in the article. The results of the correlation analysis of satellite data with field full-scale materials are presented. The method of unsupervised classification for differentiating vegetation and snow cover types from multispectral imagery is used in the ArcGis10.1 program. For the first time, the indicator properties of the radiation temperature (thermal infrared radiation from the landscape surface) received by means of the Landsat infrared survey in channel 6 for the detection and regional mapping of permafrost are described in more detail. Algorithms for recognizing permafrost and taliks for each exposure are compiled, representing a complex indication scheme for such components as height, slope and surface exposure, vegetation and snow cover, and surface radiation temperature. Using the above methods of interpreting of satellite images along with traditional methods, allowed to reveal complex criteria for mapping permafrost and taliks and to make the permafrost landscape map (fragment) of the Elkon mountain.

The geochemical characteristics of anthropogenic deposits (the cultural layer) of the urbanized area in the permafrost zone are shown on the example of the city of Yakutsk which was founded more than three hundred years ago. The presence of permafrost determined geodynamic and geochemical stability of the thickness of the anthropogenic precipitations, which differ in their chemical and mineral composition, structure, physical and mechanical properties, characteristics of migration and concentration of chemical elements. It is shown that the occurrence of anomalous concentrations of trace elements in the urban soils is determined by technological processes and peculiarities of chemical composition of the alluvial Quaternary deposits. Technogenic salinization and contrasting anomalies of toxic elements in the older parts of the city cover the soils of the cultural layer and penetrate into the upper layers of the alluvial sediments. The thickness of technogenic geochemical halos in the cultural layer depends on the age of the development of the urban area and reaches 8–10 m.

The construction of the Amur-Yakutsk railway from the station Bamovskaya to the station Lower Bestyakh was completed in 2017. The construction lasted more than 40 years. The road was built in stages and commissioned to a temporary and regular operation also by stages. The transition from a stage of a working movement to a temporary operation of the road took from three to eight years. The site from Tommot to Nizhny Bestyakh is planned to be commissioned to a temporary operation until 2019. The NeryungriTommot section still has the status of temporary operation. Long terms of the road transfers from a temporary operation to a regular service are connected with stabilization processes at the base and in the earth embankment. High deformability of the embankment is determined by numerous unfavorable engineering and geological processes that occur in the Quaternary sediments, over which more than half of the entire railway embankment is laid. Ensuring operational reliability of railways built in severe natural and climatic conditions and on thick sedimentary soils is very difficult and is probably the main reason for the difficulties of the road's transfer to a regular operation.

There are special requirements for optimum boring tools and drilling technologies when drilling of various wells (prospecting, operational, engineering survey) in the regions of the Northeast and the Arctic zone of the country with extreme climatic conditions and with a thick layer of perennially frozen rocks. Deposits of the permafrost zone have significant differences from analogs located in regions with a temperate climate and a positive temperature of rocks. Their specificity is determined by complex interaction and influence of mining-geological, mining, permafrost and climatic factors. The main thing in complicated conditions of rotary drilling of wells in permafrost rocks is a temperature factor determining the efficiency of destruction process of frozen rocks and their transportation. During the process of destruction of a frozen rock, when a rock-cutting tool incisors contact with a rock mass, a heat release intensifies in the area of a working surface of incisors, which promotes frozen rocks melting and freezing of a broken rock to the drilling tool, what leads to various complications and accidents.

The propositions on optimization of the Russian Arctic Zone (RAZ) structure are presented. It is substantiated to include Abyisky, Verkhnekolymsky, Zhigansky, Momsky, Oleneksky Srednekolymsky and Even-Bytantaisky districts of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), a part of Evenkiysky district of Krasnoyarsky kray into the Russian Arctic Zone. It is proposed to exclude the south part of Turukhansky district (Krasnoyarsky kray) from the RAZ structure. A special attention is paid to the history of the problem in view of legislative acts and guidelines of the government agencies. Also, our earlier published materials are generalized. Implementation of the recommendations will provide the improvement of the RAZ structure and optimization of procedures of its territorial and spatial planning. The correspondence of the territories proposed to including into the RAZ, as well as the territories proposed to excluding, with the elaborated system of the criteria is presented in the form of a generalizing table.

In the 80th years of the last century the works on systematization and generalization of the geological materials with a view to prospects for iron of the Aldan iron ore province were completed. As a result of these works, in addition to well-known iron ore deposits of the Chara-Tokkinsky and Central Aldan groups lying in the Upper Archean complexes of the region, a number of promising manifestations of ferruginous quartzites in the Sutam iron ore region associated with the deep metamorphosed oldest Early Archean formations of the Aldan Shield were established. This assessment of the Sutam district allows to put it on the third place in the Aldan Province with preliminary reserves of 3.5-4.0 billion tons of magnetite quartzites, suitable as a raw material for powder metallurgy, which determines a practical interest in the development of the deposits.

The experimental modelling and numerical analysis of stress-strain state and fracture of lowalloyed welded steel samples test has been considered. The mechanical tests include tension and low-cycling fatigue of small welded steel probes. The mechanical heterogeneity has been estimated by the micro hardness test. The analysis include FEM of stress-strain state of inhomogeneity welded probes and stochastic modelling of cracks coalescence and growth. It has been shown that the stress and strain distribution could not be only criterion for estimation of possible failure places but it is necessary to take into account the inhomogeneity and defects in weld and heat affected zone also. Last ones are responsible for acceleration of damage accumulation and crack growth in steel structures. Thereby for exclude the catastrophic breakdown and failure of complex engineering systems the change of legacy approach to estimation of steel structures and organisation of constant surveillance are recommended. This research is beneficial to welders, modellers of structures, researches as a whole.

The aim of this study is a comparative analysis of turning caprolon with indexable inserts made from different materials, namely: one plate made from wolfram and cobalt alloy VK8, another from ceramic material tungsten free carbide KNT16. The basis of the experimental setup is a laboratory research stand STD.201-2, which is used to study a dynamics of a technological system machine-tool tool blank and registration of cutting forces during turning. Functionally the stand consists of a head-tool holder, an interface unit, module connecting sensors, PC. It is experimentally proved that turning caprolon as by a cutting plate from alloy VK8 and a plate of ceramic material KNT16 is a stable process as evidenced by the slight changes of values of the main component of a cutting force however the range of change in the case of turning with the ceramic plate is smaller in comparison with the option of turning by wolfram and cobalt alloy VK8 plate for the selected processing modes. It is experimentally established that for the machining of caprolon it is advisable to use interchangeable cutting inserts made from ceramic material KNT16, and at the cutting speed 300 m / min applying of the ceramic plate is preferred over the plate from VK8 carbide, as indicated by the type of received chips.

The ability to concentrate the gas into a solid clathrate structure and the self-preservation property of gas hydrates at subzero temperature are the basis for the scientific and technical directions associated with the creation of technologies for natural gas storage and transportation, as well as utilization of associated petroleum gas. At present, only the block schemes are given in the domestic literature, with the example of which it was shown that the hydrate method of natural gas storage and transportation on the territory of Russia is quite promising and can be an addition to existing technologies. Therefore, the search for a simpler, energy-saving method of gas hydrates synthesis in order to create an alternative technology for natural gas storage and transportation in the form of a hydrate is essential. The article presents the experimental results of natural gas hydrates accumulation in simple closed-type reactors from the «ice-gas» system based on the use of native low temperatures during thermocycling and the absence of any external dynamic influences on the reaction system. The temperature regime for the synthesis of natural gas hydrates in closed reactors is selected. It is shown that three different forms of hydrate are formed during the synthesis of natural gas hydrates from ice in the absence of external dynamic influences in closed reactors: a fine powder at the bottom of the reactor, the initial ice hemisphere forms and filaments. Hydrates of natural gas with a high specific gas content from ice hemispheres are obtained on the basis of distilled water at a selected temperature regime. It has been established that accumulation of predominantly heavy components of natural gas occurs in hydrates synthesized from ice in closed reactors, and the free volume of the reactor is enriched with methane.

The effect of cyclic freezing-thawing on the specific energy intensity of the destruction of carbonate rock from the diamond deposits of Yakutia is shown. A method for determining the specific energy intensity of destruction of rocks, allowing to estimate the relative change in the specific energy intensity of rock failure under alternating temperature influences is developed. Using the developed method it is established that under the influence of the first 3–5 cycles of freezing-thawing in an aqueous medium, the specific energy of fracture of the rocks from various Yakutia deposits decreases 2–3 times. It is also established that under the influence of first three cycles of freezing and thawing in water, more than 70 % of the original mass of kimberlite from the pipes «Internationalnaya» and «Mir», and more than 30 % of the original weight of limestone from the pipes «Udachnaya» and «Aikhal» disintegrate without mechanical action only after the cycles.

The article describes how to improve X-ray fluorescent separation of diamond-bearing raw materials at the enterprises of JSC «ALROSA». The questions of substantiation of different operating modes of X-ray luminescent separators (threshold and selective) are considered. On the basis of statistical processing of the diamonds samplings from concentrates and tails of the separators operated in the conditions of the concentrating factories of ALROSA, it is established that the most effective criterion for separation of diamond-bearing raw materials into concentrate and tails is the autocorrelation function (convolution). The convolution values are found at which the optimum enrichment rates are achieved by X-ray luminescence separation. The effectiveness of the developed recommendations is proved.

There are a number of reasons why measures aimed at development of stereo vision after strabismus elimination have low effectiveness. One of them is ignoring the patients’ motivational component by a medical specialist during corrective treatment. The authors developed and tested a new training method of the voluntary micro vergence eye movements for stereo vision development in case a patient has a vector-based motivational activity. A positive result is reached by the patients’ hierarchical motivational activity and their desire for achieving a final advantageous adaptive effect, i.e. full-scale binocular stereo vision.

During the academic year period from 2014 to 2016 we studied physiological state of the central nervous system (CNS) of 1st and 2nd year students of the North-Eastern Federal University named after M.K. Ammosova: girls (n = 72) and boys (n = 48). The average age of the students was 19.96 ± 0.23 years old. For study of physiological features of the CNS condition and evaluation of the mobility of nervous processes, we determined a simple visual-motor reaction (SVMR) using hardware-software complex «NS-Psychotest». The study revealed a decrease in the functional state of the central nervous system at almost 50 % of the students studying in the North conditions, development of fatigue processes in the nervous system and a slight decrease in performance, which correlates with a high level of personal anxiety and low emotional stability of the students.

Ground fires prevailing in pine forests of Western Transbaikalia have a strong impact on litter and soil properties. The main reason of pine forests high burning of the studied area is the arid climate in the first half of a vegetation season. To study a pyrogenic factor consequences a number of sample plots were laid on the burned areas formed by medium intensity periodic fires and which are at different stages of regenerative succession. Soddy podburs with pyrogenically-transformed profiles are dominated in the soil cover of different-aged burned burned areas. The conducted study revealed that differences in reserves, power and fractional composition of litter, morphological, hydro-physical and physical-chemical indicators of soil upper horizons are the result of fires occurred in different years. Low power and low reserves of litter as well as a high content of fractions of newly fallen pine needles and twigs in its composition are observed for a young burning. High indicators of bulk density, density of solid phase and low values of total porosity, hygroscopic moisture and filtration coefficient are found in the upper pyrogenic soil horizons. It was found that the litter and humus layer of a soil of a young burning are characterized by more alkaline reaction, a high content of exchangeable cations, carbon and low nitrogen content in comparison with those in the soils of a 5year-old burning. Increased content of mobile iron was also noted in illuvial horizons of the soils of a young burning. Characteristics of litter, morphological, hydro-physical and physical-chemical properties are more distinct in the soil of 10-year-old burning.

The main agricultural products are obtained from crops grown on soils and the yield depends on supply for soils of available forms of nutrients and water and heat resources. In Yakutia forage crops play an important role in the development of livestock, of which the most adapted to the severe natural conditions of the North is oats. Oats in Central Yakutia are cultivated mainly on non-irrigated plots. That is why its yield depends on the amount of precipitation in the growing season. In our region arid years predominate mainly, when precipitation of a warm period decreases to 80 mm, sometimes even lower. In such years the yield of green mass of oats does not exceed 70 centner/ha. So to obtain sustainable yields of oats additional artificial irrigation is required. For that vegetative and water supply irrigation are applied. In this article, the results of studies of changes of thermophysical properties of cryogenic meadow-chernozem soils under the influence of autumn moisture-charging irrigation in the Kangalassky ulus are presented. It was found that under the influence of the autumn moisture charging irrigation the main changes occurred only in the soil volume heat capacity, while its thermal diffusivity fluctuated in insignificant limits.

The spruce forests of Yakutia occupy less than 1–2 % of the forested area. However, these forests create favorable plant habitat conditions that are not typical for the zone of light coniferous taiga. Vegetation plots were sampled during route studies based on generally accepted floristic and geobotanical methods. The Sette-Daban Range (the eastern part of the Verkhoyansk Range) is a north-eastern limit of the distribution area of Siberian spruce (Picea obovata). According to the published data, the eastern border of its distribution area is limited to the Aldan River Basin. However, in fact, the eastern border of the species lies about 120 km east and a little to the north of the Vostochnaya Khandyga River, elevated up to 500 meters above sea level. Spruce forests grow on high river banks, 1st and 2nd terraces above floodplain. This type of forest is rarely exposed to flooding and is represented by one type: Vaccinium-Hylocomium spruce forest. This type features a mixed forest stand with the obligatory presence of Larix cajanderi and herb-dwarf shrub cover dominated by Vaccinium vitis-idea. For eastern part of the Verkhoyansk Range, two rare plant species were recorded, Chrysanthemum zawadskii ssp. peleolepis and Cypripedium macranthon Sw. The latter is included in the Red Data Book of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).

For the transformed reservoirs of Russia (Northwest of European Russia) an intersection hybrid Typha × kuzmichovii A Krasnova which is different ecologically and morphologically from T. × glauca Godr. is presented. The appearance of a hybrid of such rank was promoted by enhanced, throughout one and a half centuries, operation of lakes-water basins of the North Dvinsky water system (the Vologda oblast). In stabilized ecosystems of these reservoirs in assemblages with cat’s-tail the appearance of the hybrid has predetermined the convergence processes in genus Typha L. Repeated crosses and anomalies form new "integrated" forms, capable to improve former phylums [1]. The protolog T. × kuzmichovii is presented. The nomenclature of hybrid Typha angustifolia × T. latifolia = T. × glauca Godr. is given closer definition.

The article provides information about a variety of Rosaceae family in the natural area of the Yakutsk Botanical Garden as one of the leading families, which comprises 12 genera and 22 species. Information about the method and area of the study is given. The description of phytocoenotic environment is done. The results of taxonomic, arealogical, biomorphological (variety of life forms is given according to K. Raunkier), ecological (according to A. Shennikov), rhythmological, phytocoenotic analyzes are presented.

One of the tasks of plant biotechnology is to create economically valuable high-yielding plant varieties resistant to diseases, pests, and soil salinization, featuring high reproductive ability and possessing the signs of improved forage quality for farm animals. At the same time, the conditions of Yakutia necessitate to maintain and enhance the following characteristics in existing varieties: high drought and cold resistance, rapid re-growing in spring and after mowing, as well as high seed productivity. In this regard, the aim of the study was to obtain the regenerant plants in vitro by induction of callus genesis of leaf explants, from apex and buds of Medicago varia Mart, of Syulinskaya variety in order to increase genetic variety and selection of economically valuable parameters. The scientific novelty of the study was the development of a method of introduction to in vitro culture of the perennial herb species Medicago varia. Lucerne seeds were used as an initial experimental material. The standard methods of clonal micropropagation with use of cell and tissue cultures were applied. During the study lucerne plants-regenerants with high regeneration potential were received from apex and buds in vitro conditions. It is revealed that high value of the root index (RI) of plants-regenerants of 6, 8 and 9 passages causes high percent of survival of the regenerants at preliminary process of adaptation in ex vitro conditions. The obtained in vitro regenerant plants of lucerne appeared to be high-quality planting material exceeding the original variety in productivity of top and seeds, as well as in fertility characteristics. The results of the study state that economically valuable characteristics of the first generation obtained from regenerant plants by polycross method did not differ significantly from control plants. However, the most promising specimens were picked out for further selection process.

The possibility of combination of two cluster analysis tools for forests state monitoring was assessed. Multispectral space images of high resolution Landsat TM / ETM + and ultra-high resolution RGB-coating DigitalGlobe and their fragments were subjected to two-stage processing. At first unsupervised classification was performed using the ISODATA (Iterative Self-Organizing Data Analysis Technique) method. Then the thematic difference in the classification results was calculated. A relationship between the number of classes and the number of objects defined in the classification into two, four, six, ten classes is shown. The optimal number of classes for distinguishing different levels of structural organization of forest ecosystems are determined. When classifying into two classes in case of high-resolution images forest cover of selected fragments of the images is estimated. When classifying ultra-high resolution images into two classes, the ratio between the area of crowns and the area between the tree crowns is determined. When classifying high-resolution images into four classes, subclasses of more dense and sparse stand, subclasses with open spaces and areas covered with shrubs and woodlands are distinguished.

This article presents a brief description of Verkhnevilyuisky district, the date of formation, the number of settlements, and analyzed and summarized data of epizootologic anthrax in domestic animals in the district area, the date was specified, the number of epizootic anthrax in human settlements and the number of dead animals. The largest epizootic anthrax in animals was detected in 1914 in thirteen villages. The maximum number of repeated cases of epizootic anthrax was noted in Edyugeysky, Orgietsky, Chochunsky, Khorinsky, Meyiksky, I Kyuletsky villages. Accordingly, in those communities where repeated cases of epizootics of anthrax were registered, the greatest number of domestic animals fell; Edygeysky 346 heads, Orgietsky 290 heads, Chochunsky 500 heads, Horinsky 489 heads, Meyiksky 215 heads, I Kyuletsky 258 heads. The last epizootic of anthrax was registered in the Verkhnevilyuisky district in 3 disadvantaged points in 1978. A total of 14 corpses (11 moose, 1 bear, 1 colt, 1 pig). The total number of dead domestic animals in the Verkhnevilyuisky district from the epizootic of anthrax was 3339 heads, of which 1918 cattle (57,44 %), horses 1377 (41,23 %), deer 44 (1,31 %).