We studied the spatial distribution of anomalies of the gravitational and the magnetic fields and digital elevation model at the border between the Amur and the Eurasian plates. We have shown that that the systems of anomalies of geophysical fields fit into the regular spatial structures and are controlled by lineaments of latitude, longitude and diagonal stretch. As a result of comparing of diagonal system of geophysical fields anomalies with spatial distribution of the fields of contemporary seismicity and epicenters of strong earthquakes, an assumption was made that the diagonal system of lineaments fit into zones of tectonic deformation and has been controlling the epicentral fields. The main result of this study is the getting new ideas about the spatial distribution of earthquake epicenters of the central fragment of the Amur plate.

Petro- and paleomagnetic researches of dolerites from pre-kimberlite dykes of the Viluy-Markha intrusive complex are carried outon the operating fields Mir and Nyurbinskaya of PJSC «ALROSA» of the Yakut Diamondiferous Province (YDP). Basic distinctionsof dolerites of two fields are observed on values of a magnetic susceptibility of æ, the natural remanent magnetization (NRM) and afactor of Q. For dolerites of the pit Nyurbinsky factor Q=1,31 is considerably raised in comparison with other mafic intrusions of the middle Paleozoic (Q<0,8). It can be considered as a petromagnetic marker of mapping of the pre-kimberlite dykes as a part ofthe Viluy-Markha zone of breaks. The results of magnito-mineralogical researches testify to prospects of the studied dolerites for paleomagnetic researches: anisotropy of a magnetic susceptibility corresponds to morphology of bodies – to dykelike type, the maincarriers of magnetization the titanomagnetits which are almost not oxidized (primary), and their domain structure belongs to pseudo-one-domain area of ferromagnetic particles. In the studied samples negative vectors of characteristic NRM which form twoindependent clusters in the first quarter of the stereogram are established. On each of them the paleomagnetic pole is calculatedwhich is compared with the apparent polar wander path (APWP) of the Siberian platform. Paleomagnetic dating showed that introduction of Mirniy and Nyurba dykes happened at different times, respectively, 380 million years (late Devon) and 420 millionyears (late Silur-early Devon) ago. Perhaps, they belong to two different intrusive swarms of dykes. The first corresponds to anappainsky event – time of outpouring of basalts (Frasnian, 375-385 million years ago) and well coordinates with data of absoluteage of the kimberlites of pipe Mir which are breaking through a dyke (Famennian, 360-375 million years ago). Paleomagneticdate of the second one practically coincides with poles of Nyurbinskaya and Botuobinskaya kimberlite pipes that testifies toinsignificant difference in time of their introduction. The obtained data confirm the existence in the territory of YDP in the middlePaleozoic of two eras of a kimberlit process: late Silurian – early Devonian (S₂-D₁) and late Devonian – early Carboniferous (D₃-C₁).

Proofs that diamonds of placers with unknown primary source were crystallized in the fractionating centers of alkaline magmas in plume chambers under thick lithosphere are provided. It is corroborated by rounded shape of the diamonds, eclogite paragenesis of inclusions in them, position of these placers at plat- forms edges. Owing to the increased temperature the magmas which carried the diamonds out formed generally the covers of diamondiferous tuffs which quickly transformed to placers.

Specialties of search for buried kimberlite bodies are discussed. Searching in the most commercially developed Daldyn-Alakit and Malo-Botuobiya diamondiferous districts of West Yakutia has shown that there is a need to comprehensively assess the importance of placers transformation with changing palaeogeographical, paleogeomorphological and hydrogeological sedimentation conditions in the post-kimberlite period of geologic history. The topography of the region was formed as a result of geological development of the Tunguska (late Paleozoic), and Vilyui (Mesozoic) basins. In the period of low level of the basins, the buried relief was not merely exposed but incision of new valleys not coincident with the buried river drainage occurred too. Inception of new valleys caused destruction of older ones, which are only locally preserved now. The process of the valleys burial beneath the alluvial deposits is accompanied by significant transformation of some of their elements (slopes, above-floodplain terraces) and by redeposition of slope loose deposits (valleys, channels, terraces, tali). All these factors should be considered for palaeogeomorphological reconstructions of the terrain in search for ancient buried placers and their primary sources.

In the Verkhoyansk fold–and–thrust belt, black shale geogenerations (formations) are widely developed in the Early and Early–Middle Carboniferous of the West Verkhoyanye area. They were first found in some sections in the interfluve of the upper Dyanyshka and upper Arkachan rivers, and were traced in Carboniferous deposits on the western limb of the Kygyltas anticline of the Kuranakh anticlinorium. The latest studies conducted on the eastern limb of the Kygyltas anticline (Khoboyotu–Eciy interfluve) permitted delineating in the river head of Khadarynya, 14–15 km north of the studied sections, at the base of the Carboniferous deposits the continental Late Visean Serdzhakh sandy formation (C1sd), which was earlier studied in the river basin of Dyanyshka. Correlation between Carboniferous rocks of the West Verkhoyanskand Orulgan–types sections revealed that in the North Verkhoyanye area, the stratigraphic analogue of the Serdzhakh Formation is the northern part of the Bylykat Formation (C1bl) containing abundant Early Carboniferous fern flora. In tracing geologic bodies along strike on the eastern limb of the Kygyltas anticline, the author established two black shale geogenerations of marine genesis belonging to the West Verkhoyansk–type section. They correspond to rhythmically–bedded terrigenous (sandly–clayey and clayey–sandly, respectively) formations of Carboniferous age: the Chochombal (C1-2čb) formation at the base conformably overlies the Serdzhakh formation, and is conformably overlain by the Imtandzha (C2im) formation. In these stratons of marine and littoral–marine geneses, which are spatially developed on the monoclinal eastern limb of the Kygyltas anticline, just as on its western limb, there were established new correlative levels of elevated concentration of Corg. and precious metals confined to the Lower and Lower–Middle Carboniferous transgressive cycles. The geogenerations of the eastern limb of the Kygyltas anticline are rich in syngenetic pyrite and superposed sulfidization of disseminated and veinlet–disseminated types with high gold content. The results obtained permit establishing, in the West Verkhoyanye area, a new for the Kuranakh anticlinorium the Khadarynya gold– (arsenic)–sulfide type of disseminated and veinlet–disseminated mineralization. The black shale geogenerations of marine and littoral–marine geneses distinguished on the eastern limb of the Kygyltas anticline are promising for the discovery of high-tonnage precious metal deposits.

Results of long-term observations of icing formation at year-round groundwater spring in Central Yakutia are analyzed. The spring has a high potential for the utility and drinking water supply. Permafrost and hydrogeological field studies were conducted at the areas of recharge, transit and discharge of the intrapermafrost groundwater. Field studies included monitoring of the winter and low flow spring discharges, exploration drilling, measurements of the ground temperature in boreholes, sampling of surface and underground water for hydrochemical analysis. The value of natural water resources of the intrapermafrost aquifer was assessed on the basis of analysis of conducted measurements of icing volume and spring discharge. Materials that confirm stability of the groundwater chemical composition of the studied intrapermafrost aquifer were obtained on the basis of the hydrochemical sampling results. Conclusion about stability of the natural water resources of the intrapermafrost aquifer for the long-term period (1965–2014) was drawn on the basis of analysis of precipitation amount, icing volume and spring discharge.

Lakes in urban areas are subject to both anthropogenic and climatic influences that control their chemical composition, as well as water and salt balances. This study presents data on the influence of atmospheric precipitation on the geochemistry of urban lake systems. The chemical composition of lake water is dominated by chlorides, bicarbonates and sodium ions. Dissolved-solids concentrations in the larger lakes range from 0,34 to 0,91 g/l, reaching 2,3 g/l in some lakes. Although the ratios of major components in the lake water chemistry are relatively stable, concentrations of some components in the lakes depend on the chemical composition and amount of precipitation. The study indicates a recent increase in acidity and a decrease in dissolved-solids concentration in the lake waters related to climatic factors, such as the changes in qualitative and quantitative characteristics of precipitation and the increased atmospheric deposition of Н⁺-cation. It is predicted that the lake waters will continue freshening with their quality improved. The decline in major and minor element concentrations is most significant for sulfates and decreases in order: SO ²> Ca²⁺ > Cl^- > Na⁺ > Mg²⁺, pH. The adverse ecologo-sanitary situation in the city lakes will remain for sodium ions, and ammonium and nitrite compounds of nitrogen.

The retrospective analysis of selection and application of criteria of formation of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation (AZRF) at different stages of the activity is presented. It is demonstrated that the absence of system in selection and practice application of criteria of AZRF formation is connected not with opinions multiplicity in scientific circles but with absence of expert specialists in the corresponding government bodies. For improving AZRF structure it is necessary to define the aims of formation of AZRF as an object of a state governing on proper scientific-expert basis, to define criteria of its formation and a sphere of their rational application, to elaborate propositions on improving AZRF structure and their substantiation on the basis of the adopted criteria.

The article describes the features of study of ethno-cultural landscapes of Yakutia. A component structure is proposed, methods and approaches are defined. We believe that the concept of ethno-cultural landscape in geographical aspect allows implement a systematic approach for study of mono-ethnic and multi-ethnic areas in a region of interest. During carrying out the stratification of ethno-cultural landscape it is possible to select components of modern new and traditional culture, as well as cultural heritage which penetrates at different stages and in different proportions all structural elements of a landscape. Differentiation of ethnocultural landscapes makes it possible to give due attention to areas of residence of indigenous peoples of the North.

The article investigates the effect of ultrasonic shock processing on the redistribution of residual welding stresses, the structure and the toughness of welded joints of low-alloy steel 10HSND. The results of the analysis of failures of mining equipment show that the more often the initiators of their destruction are welded joints. In this regard, one way of solving this problem is to use methods of hardening. The paper describes the methodology of research and technology of ultrasonic shock processing of welded joints of low-alloy steel. The results of studies of the effect of ultrasonic shock processing on the redistribution of residual stresses in welded joints are presented. The results of impact tests at room and negative temperature on original and treated notched specimens in the weld metal and fusion zone are shown. The results of changes of a surface layer microstructure of the weld joint areas as a result of ultrasonic shock processing are presented. It was found that the ultrasonic shock processing of welded joints of low-alloy steel 10HSND leads to a redistribution of tensile residual stresses into compressive ones. It has been established that the use of impact tool technology improves the structural properties of the work surface and a have a positive effect on the toughness of the welded joint at negative temperatures.

For getting fibers with unique properties, for the purpose of the subsequent production on their basis of composite materials, the most acceptable raw materials are basalts – extrusive rocks of a magmatic origin, highly stable on chemical and mineralogical composition, which resource in the world are almost inexhaustible including resource of a field of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Basalt fibers are produced by a singlestage technological process from unicomponent cheap raw materials. Formation of fiber is made from a viscous stream of melted basalt flowing from spinner. The alternative geometry of the channel spinning jet for making basalt continuous fiber which consists of the truncated cone and the cylinder is offered. It is shown that this construction of spinner stabilizes the basalt outflowing, that increases extract speed due to improvement of physico-mechanical properties of the fiber in comparison with the channel of constant section. The hydromechanics of basalt continuous fibers formation at a stage of the viscous melt outflow through the channel spinnng jet is described. Exactly, analytical formulas of flow velosity and pressure distributions along channel of spinner are found at small entering angles and at small Reynold’s number for engineering calculations. On the basis of the founded dependences the volume consumption of basalt melt along the channel of spinner is defined. Results of researches can be used for a choice and optimization of the technological modes of making continuous basalt fibers from raw materials of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) field on the inductrial plant of NPK «Term» of JSC «Stekloplastik».

The problems of fatigue failure of structural low-alloy steel subjected to severe plastic deformation are reviewed. Specimens of steel 09G2S in the delivery state and after hardening by equal channel angular pressing were subjected low-cycle tests with soft loading. Fractographic analysis of fatigue breaks was performed by scanning electron microscopy. We analyzed the influence of the volume hardening by equal channel angular pressing on the surfaces fracture micromorphology of low-alloy steel. It shows the difference in the mechanisms of fatigue fracture of the samples from the initial steel and hardened by equal channel angular pressing, depending on the parameters of cyclic loading. It was found that the character of the fracture of hardened 09G2S steel by equal channel angular pressing, at high numbers of cyclic loading is different from the initial state. At high stresses of cycle and a small number of loading cycles 09G2S steel in the initial and hardened condition is characterized by a quasi-static character of fracture. For hardened steel 09G2S it is significant the difference in the configuration of fatigue fracture zone against the initial sample break and brittle character of fracture at the final stage of a specimen fracture.

The article presents the results on the improvement of biotechnology of obtaining of a two-component composite by co-mechanoactivation of thalli of lichen genus Cladonia and auxiliary silica additives (SiO₂) in order to modify technological properties, for improvement the quality of the product during storage, the possibility of further encapsulation or tableting. Application of auxiliary substances for example SiO₂ improves the characteristics of the course of number of biotechnological stages and is justified in cases of finely dispersed (especially ultrafine) powders from vegetable raw materials.

The increase of the yield of lyophilized extract at preextraction mechanoactivation of overground phytomass of Amaranthus retroflexsus L for 12–41% is revealed depending on conditions of mechanochemical influence. The maximal yield of the lyophilizate was observed at processing with a speed of rotation 20 rev /sec within 3 minutes. It is established that application of mechanoactivation does not influence the quantity of the sum of low molecular weight antioxidants in the received vegetable flour, except mechanoactivation at 20 and 30 rev / sec within one minute. Under the last conditions decrease by 16,0 % of the total content of lowmolecular weight antioxidants was observed. It is shown that preextraction mechanoactivation of initial bioraw materials does not affect on the Rutinum content in the lyophilizates of the extracts when processing with a speed of rotation 15 and 20 rev/sec. Processing of the biomaterial at 30 rev/sec during one minute leads to decrease of Rutinum yield by 13 %, and increase of time of mechanoactivation of the bioraw materials till 2– 3 minutes causes increase of the yield to 23–27%, in comparison with the comtrol. At the same time Quercetinum content decreases 5–15 times, and low-molecular weight antioxidants content does not change.

The article presents the results of studies of nutritional and biological value of broad whitefish (Coregonus nasus (Pallas) of Indigirka fish population. Whitefish (Coregonus nasus (Pallas)) is one of the main trade types. The annual catch of the whitefish is about 400 tons, including in the Indigirka river basin of 130 tons. The fish occupies not only rivers and lakes, but occurs sometimes and in saltish waters of the deltas of northern rivers of Yakutia. Fish products for peoples of the North take a leading place among other food and therefore are objects of careful studying. It is noted that fillet and belly flaps by the amount of protein are middle-protein products (10–15 %). So, the protein content in the fillets amounted to 14.74±0,003 %, in the belly flaps – to 12,88±0,030 %. By the fat content in belly flaps (22,94±0,033 %) the whitefish refers to a particularly fatty sorts of fish (over 15 %), by the content of protein and fat it refers to high-calorie foods (more than 200–300 kilocalories). It is established the content of a wide range of biologically active substances, including macroand microelements, fatty acids, amino acids and vitamins. The assessment of biological value of proteins on an amino-acid skore and assessment of biological efficiency of fatty acids according to the content of various fatty acids are given.

Wildfires are periodical natural events in the landscape and climate conditions of Central Yakutia. Here, in trans-accumulative phases of the frozen landscapes as the result of severe ground fires soils with polycyclic profiles are formed. Beside modern humus horizon, these soils contain 2–3 buried humus horizons with abundant charcoal inclusions. Here we describe the content and properties of frozen pale grey soil of Central Yakutia with polycyclic profile. It was demonstrated that it’s pyrogenic buried humus horizons are characterized by the increased content of total oxides of calcium, magnesium and iron, humus and nitrogen, as well as clay fractions, silt and Са⁺² and Mg⁺² exchangeable bases. In the humus composition of these buried horizons one can clearly observe the increase in calcium-bound humic acids (HA-2). The type of humus in such horizons change from fulvate to fulavate-humate and humate.

Here we describe total content, physical and chemical properties and mineralogical characteristics of soils of Central Yakutia. It is also demonstrated that pedogenetic patterns of composition changes of primary and secondary clay minerals in permafrost soils depend on the type and intensity of elementary soil processes which take place in them. To study the composition and properties of the permafrost soils we have selected five types and subtypes of soils (malt, fawn and fawn solodized neutral, pale-brown podzolized, chernozem) of Central Yakutia. The studies were conducted in krioaridic territory of Central Yakutia in three areas of soil and vegetation katena (Hatassy – B.Chabyda) of the valley Tuymaada covering all levels of high-rise ancient alluvial plain. Based on the assessment of climatic conditions of this area and X-ray data we defined the mineralogical composition of these soils, which is characterized as predominantly quartz-feldspar, but at the same time, content and distribution in the soil profile of other primary and secondary minerals is significantly different. This, in its turn, is closely connected with the elementary soil processes, such as cespitose, solodization and podzolization, illuvial-carbonate and seasonal gleying.

Agro-climatic conditions for growing both wild and cultivated plants in the northern regions of Russia in particular and Yakutia are not enough presented in the literature. In this regard, the north-east region are not a rare exception. In the context of widespread low-temperature permafrost rocks the micro-climatic factors have a great influence on the formation of hydrothermal regime of soils. This in its turn affects the growth and development of vegetation. It is known that conditions in which plants go to winter, so called prewinter period, have a direct impact on formation of the future harvest the. So it is important to know a temperature of the surface layers of the soil in the first half of September. As a rule, if autumn is warm, plants go into winter not very padded by early autumn frosts and next spring the earth is suddenly green with young shoots. Autumn of 2014 in the Oimyakon rayon of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) was an abnormally warm. According to many years meteorological observations, the first ten days of September is always characterized by severe frost and a sharp decrease in temperature at night, which is usually accompanied by a strong cooling of the surface layers of soil. Usually at this time there is an intensive browning of herbaceous vegetation and mass leaf fall not only of birch, but also larch. Throughout the first ten days of September 2014, the daytime temperature often rose to 22 °C, and the soil temperature until the second half of this month kept above 1 °C at a depth of 10 cm.

A new data about the total content of macroand microelements in the tundra and north sub-zones soils distributed within the Kolyma-Indigirka lowland were obtained as a result of the chemical composition investigation of the Alazeya river basin soils. We investigated typical soils of the basic landscapes of the territory: zonal soil types were presented by cryozem of the northern taiga and permafrost gleyish soils of the tundra zone, intrazonal soil types – by permafrost sod soils of the high floodplain, and soils of a seaside meadows. The soils of the investigated territory are characterized by relatively light granulometric composition and the high content of poorly decomposed organic materials. It was revealed a soil differentiation by elemental composition on different landscapes. Molar ratios of various oxides were calculated that allowed us to open a relative movement or accumulation of the oxides (SiO₂, Al₂O₃, Fe₂O₃) in genetic horizons of the soil profile. High levels of molar ratios of various oxides (more than 4) is the main characteristic of permafrost soils, indicating a very weakened weathering processes in extreme conditions of the north.

The burial of soils in the widespread layers of the ice complex basically occurs by activating natural exogenous processes: landslides, landslips, mudflows. These processes, in their turn, can be caused by a certain combination of circumstances of natural or anthropogenic character, or in their combination. The article is provided morphological, physical and chemical characteristics of the properties and composition of pedocomplexes in slope sediments of the basin of alás Oner in Ust-Aldansky district, floodplain terraces of the right bank of the lower reaches of the Aldan river, opposite the mouth of the Buoya river, and a high terrace of the left bank of the Lena river in the Sinsk village. Buried profile of the investigated soils is clearly shown by the morphology and number of features, such as granulometric composition, pH value, hygroscopic moisture, humus and exchangeable cations. Pyrogenic origin of the coals in the upper horizons of surface and buried soils should be noted. Fires in Central Yakutia, capturing large areas with dissected relief, serve as a trigger for the activation of slope and thermoerosion processes, which in their turn may cause burial of soils. Alas′s soil formation has a synlithogenic character as a result of abrasion during formation of alas′s depression, which is filled by a lake. Burial of soil horizons on the sides of mature alas may be improved by increasing the water availability in lake, strengthening of thermoerosion, proluvial-deluvial and other exogenous processes in the adjacent landscapes.

Environmental quality on the territory of Aldan town and along the federal highway «Lena» has been assessed using fluctuating asymmetry (FA) level in the Japanese white birch. Twenty three samples (21 150) of birch leaves collected in undisturbed and residential areas of the Aldan raion of the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic have been examined, traffic load has been estimated, and statistical data on air pollution of Aldan city have been analyzed. The major air pollutants on the territory of Aldan are coal boiler stations and motor transport. FA level of the Japanese white birch on the examined territory varied within 0,045–0,061. A dependency of FA level on air pollution was revealed, with the main factor being the number of days when maximum permissible concentration (MPC) of particulate matter was exceeded. Traffic load of the territory in this study was not high: 20–148 vehicles per hour, which with toxicity coefficients taken into account equals 31–247 points. FA level was noted to be influenced by the proximity to the roadway and the condition of the road surface. High FA levels are characteristic of the trees growing along the roads and streets with gravel surface, which indicates negative influence of dust pollution on developmental stability of trees. For the roads with asphalt surface, negative influence of traffic load manifests itself when it is higher than 100 vehicles per hour (more than 150 points). The most significant deviations from the normal FA level are characteristic of the points along the federal highway, where close correlation between FA level and traffic load was registered.

As green cultures we used oat of the sort Pokrovskiy-9, of the first reproduction with the norm of sowing 150 kg/ha, pea and avenaceous mixture with the general norm of sowing of pea – 150 kg/ha, oat – 50 kg/ha at a 100% seed germination. The seed of pea were of sort Microspermous. Norm of sowing of seed of melilot made 10 kg/ga. The seed of melilot were of sort Nemyugyunskiy, superelite. We used seminal material of the districted sort of potato Yakutyanka. Mineral fertilizers and green cultures influenced positively on the productivity of tubers of potato, that for certain promotes the productivity to 2,7–3,0 ton/ha depending on the type of green culture. Meantime the green fertilizers in an after-action did not influence substantially on content of dry substances and starch in the tubers, and application of mineral fertilizers even reduced content of dry substances and starch.

Commercial fishing development of natural reservoirs, aimed to develop a biological framework for their sustainable use, is based on a targeted formation of fish fauna and receiving production by means of the fullest use of trophic capacity. The study of fish fauna and food potential of Svetlinskoye water storage, formed in 2004 (being the second one in the Vilyui HPS cascade), has shown the absence of plankton-feeding fish and the presence of an excessive amount of plankton organisms. The introduction of peled to the reservoir will allow to fuller use the reserve animal plankton production, which made 9.5 g/m³ or 95 kg/ha for the growing season. By its feeding pattern, peled can be referred to the fish with a broad food spectrum. It feeds on animal plankton and animal benthos. But with high indicators of animal plankton amount, peled mostly feeds on plankton organisms, and young peled is a typical plankton eater. As by their biological parameters fish in Svetlinskoye water storage are mostly predators and benthos feeders, a considerable share of the animal plankton quite naturally remains unused. However, it should be taken into account that the water storage’s animal plankton is in different amounts a part of the food items of all the fish inhabiting it. On the condition that fish inhabiting in Svetlinskoye water storage eats 60 % of the animal plankton production, its remaining production makes 38 kg/ha, or 395,2 tons per the entire reservoir. With the feeding ratio equaling 10, the reserve production of the animal plankton will allow to expect the additional growth of the potential (estimated) ichtyomass size within 40 tons. To obtain similar potential mass of peled, with its average caught weight of 0,6 kg, it is necessary to introduce 3 million of viable larvae of 163 thousand of yearlings.

Data of monitoring of the badger’s body temperature dynamics during winter period from October to early May, including hibernation, is presented. Temperature storage DS 1922 L-F5 was implanted intraperitoneally in a badger. 2 607 measurements of «deep» body temperature were made during more than seven months from October to May. The comings out of the hiding were ceased in the second half of November, and the badger did not come out of its artificial burrow until the first decade of March. For the period of hibernation, animal had lost more than three kilograms that corresponds to 25 % of its body weight. Minimal average daily temperature was (27,45±0,23)° in January, Min–Max (18,19-35,93)°. The absolute minimum 16,310 was recorded in December. The average daily temperature of a badger decreases for 6–70 in winter, and more than for 200 in absolute terms. In February, the average daily body temperature reached its minimum and began to grow smoothly.