Technique, basing on processing of the materials of geophysical investigations of boreholes (GIB) in the areal view, allowing revealing local geophysical indications of primary diamond deposits’ allocation, has been developed and tested on the example of the Nakyn kimberlite field. Data of 4 methods of GIB have served as the material for investigations: logging of magnetic susceptibility, gamma-ray logging, borehole geomagnetics and induction logging.

Most informative are the data of gamma-ray logging on buried rocks of Lower Paleozoic, reflecting important features of geologic-structural constitution of the Nakyn field and its flanks. It was established that the ore-forming system, including kimberlite-controlling and kimberlite-bearing faults, as well as neighboring to the pipes space of all kimberlite bodies of the field, differs, along with the kimberlites, by decreased values of natural radioactivity. Diagonal kimberlite-bearing fault has been distinguished with sufficient confidence, though it is specified by other geologic-geophysical methods unreliably, or practically does not succumb to mapping. Besides known ore-bearing structures, linear zones and anomalies of various morphology and size can be traced within the field, characterized by decreased natural radioactivity, part of which requires a more detailed research.

When employing this technique on other kimberlite fields one should consider that radioactivity and other physical properties of both kimberlites and surrounding them rocks may vary significantly. Involvement of the proposed technique into the complex of prospecting works will allow increasing efficiency of geologicalexploration works on diamonds in “closed” regions of Western Yakutia.

Potentialities of geophysical research for regional and local forecast of gold deposits are illustrated by the example of the South Verkhoyansk sector of the Verkhoyansk fold-and-thrust belt. Results of the automated geophysical data processing with the use of “KOSKAD-3D” program are presented. Two-dimensional adaptive energy filtering was used, and calculation of statistical characteristics of the geophysical fields was made. In the geophysical field, the South Verkhoyansk sector of the Verkhoyansk fold-and-thrust belt is subdivided into two areas – Near-platform and South Verkhoyansk ones. The former is characterized by a relatively close spatial association of compact and magnetized rocks of the crystalline basement, while the latter area is distinguished by a great depth of the basement and an increased thickness of carbonate and terrigenous rocks. It is shown that gold occurrences of the South Verkhoyanye area are localized in granitemetamorphic domes and longitudinal faults. High efficiency of transient electromagnetic sounding is established, as exemplified by the Mar ore field within the Allakh-Yun’ tectonic zone. The mineralized tectonized zones are expressed as extensive high-resistance linear anomalies. Measurements were performed with the use of a standard “loop-in-loop” technique. It is shown that the mineralized tectonized zones are expressed as extensive high-resistance (up to 800 ohm⋅m) linear anomalies. The ore-controlling structures are recorded in the time interval of 50-80 μs of the transient process measurement, and in the geoelectrical sections they are expressed as local subvertical high-resistance anomalies.

One of the effective methods of separation of heavy grains in the loose environment, for example, of gold grains, is jigging. In the known works on modeling of process of jigging the theory of a Brownian particle is used where the equation like Fokker-Planck’s one is solved. Most of the works do not consider interaction of particles of a useful fraction among themselves. This work is devoted to determination of parameters accounting the interaction of these particles. These parameters received by mathematical modeling of the process are determined experimentally. We considered a magnetic in natural sand. This material (heavy fraction) has bigger density than sand (about 1.2 times). The heavy fraction was separated from sand by a permanent magnet. As a result of the study theoretical distributions of the magnetic concentration along the device height adapted with the experimental data are received. The study was conducted under various conditions: dry mix, liquid mix, various operating modes of a vibrator.

The received distributions allow under certain initial conditions (for example, at a certain percentage of heavy fraction from the total amount of sand) to calculate probable time for which some preset material layer at the bottom of a jigging machine with a certain concentration of useful fraction is formed. The results of the study have shown that gradient force increases over the time, and environment resistance force on the contrary decreases if at initial time all useful (heavy) fraction was in the top part of sand mass.

The paper considers the problem of increasing the effectiveness of open mining of solid minerals deposits. By the results of the study we proposed an advanced design of a working body of a surface miner for developing deposits with difficult structure. The substantiation of the need to equip a surface miner working body with combined cutting tools is given. In the proposed working body the positioning of rotary cutters during the work is set depending on hardness characteristics of the rock by the automatic control system. The con- trol system optimizes the combination of such technological parameters as the speed of rotation of a working body and a surface miner forward speed. The proposed design of the advanced working body of a surface miner gives a chance to develop deposits with difficult structure more effectively.

In the late 70-ies of the last century oil and gas exploration in Yakutia changed its orientation from the Late Paleozoic Lower Mesozoic sediments of Vilyuisk syneclise to the Late Precambrian Lower Paleozoic sediments of the Nepsko-Botuobinsk anteclise. At the same time, the degree of exploration of Vilyuisk syneclise remained very low and non-uniform. Detection of oil rims on gas condensate fields of Hapchagaysk megaswell in the Permian Upper Jurassic deposits of Vilyuisk syneclise indicates about oil-bearing of Leno-Vilyuisk province. A brief description of recorded showings of oil in wells on Bergeinsk and Oloi structures is presented. Identity in the composition and distribution of hydrocarbons biomarkers in oils of Bergeinsk and Oloi area indicates the genetic relationship of these oils with organic matter of higher terrestrial vegetation. Producing stratum of these oils can serve as the Permian and the Upper Jurassic deposits. These data lead to the assumption of certain prospects of opening of gas-oil and oil deposits in the Permian Upper Jurassic deposits of Vilyuisk syneclise.

The paper summarizes the data on stocks of organic carbon and nitrogen in permafrost in different regions of the northern hemisphere. It was found that in the regions of Alaska and Canada there are more stocks of organic carbon and nitrogen in the permafrost (about 70.0 kg TOC/m² and 6.33 kg N/m²) in comparison with the permafrost in North-Eastern Siberia (22.0 kg TOC/m² and 2.13 kg N/m²). We conducted reconnaissance studies of carbon and nitrogen reserves in the depths of one meter at the ice complex in Central Yakutia. It was shown that in the upper meter of the ice complex it is deposited 55.0% of the organic carbon of the total reserves in the soil, and in the second meter 40.5% TOC. In the three-meter thickness the smallest stocks TOC are registered, which is about 29.0%. The total sum of stores of organic carbon and nitrogen is distributed in the line: an active layer a protective layer permafrost.

Under the conditions of the boreal zone a high ratio of carbon to nitrogen contributes to weak mineralization and slow decomposition of organic material in the soil, which affects the enrichment (accumulation) of soil with nitrogen.

A methodology to improve the reliability of numerical modeling of frozen soils thermal state is considered. The accuracy of the simulation consists of three types of errors: a model error due to incomplete accounting factors; error due to statistical heterogeneity affecting input factors; instruments error due to inaccurate measurement of the influencing factors and computational algorithm. The accuracy of the numerical simulation of thermal regime of cryolithozone can be increased using a mathematical model of middle complication, making more accurate input parameters. The main input factors are heat exchange with the atmosphere, weather conditions, snow and vegetation covers, moisture and lithological composition of the sediments. Using field measurements the input data was adjusted. Numerical calculation taking into account the monthly dynamics of snow cover, average daily air temperature and heterogeneity of soils mass was carried out. Satisfactory comparability of obtained numerical results with the experimental data on three key sites of Central Yakutia was shown. The proposed method of numerical modeling should be used to calculate a thermal regime of perennial frozen grounds in conditions of a changing climate.

The Engineering Geological Map of the Republic Sakha (Yakutia) covers about 3 million square km which is one-fifth of the territory of Russia. The map displays ground and geocryological conditions and active faults. Seismic intensity, schemes of zoning by factors of engineering geological conditions, and the general scheme of engineering geological zoning of the Republic Sakha (Yakutia,) or the RS(Y), are shown on the in- set maps. The map is required to provide information for planning, construction and exploitation of engineering structures in the RS(Y). A distinguishing feature of the map is theindication of almost blanket distribution of the frozen ground class. Types of the frozen ground class are separated by lithology, while ground varieties are separated by temperature. Fresh and ultra-fresh suprapermafrost waters are predominant within the territory. The compiled map indicates parts of the Arctic-Asian and Baikalo-Stanovoi planetary seismic belts that make engineering geological conditions more complicated.

The problem of the appearance of atmospheric electric field of the Earth is one of the fundamental problems of atmosphericphysics, unresolved until now. Now the most recognized theory that unites all the electrical processes in the atmosphere into a single current loop, and explains the emergence of the atmospheric electric field, is the concept of the global electric circuit (GEC).

Experimental studies of atmospheric electric fields allow you to approach understanding of the physical mechanisms underlying the global electric circuit.

Regular research of atmospheric electric field in Yakutsk were initiated in 2009 and have been continued to the present. Measurements of atmospheric electric field strength are carried out by electrostatic field-mill. Registering complex is realized on the basis of a netbook with analog-to-digital converter.

By observations in Yakutsk in 2009–2013 it is shown that the diurnal variation in atmospheric electric field has the character of a double wave with two maxima and two minima for spring, summer and autumn months. The diurnal variation in atmospheric electric field is a simple half-wave with one maximum and one minimum for the winter months. Seasonal variation of the atmospheric electric field intensity has peaks in the spring and autumn months and lows that occur in the summer and winter months. Annual variations in atmospheric electric field in the "good" weather conditions during the period of observation are repeated from year to year, minimums and maximums practically displaced by months. It was found that the variation of the electric field has a trend to a decrease in the amplitude of seasonal variations in field strength and common values 2009–2013 of the quantity of tension.

As a possible cause of the observed trend to a decrease in the amplitude of the monthly averages of the field strength, it is assumed change of solar activity, which in the period 2009–2013 it is in the increase of phase.

Since The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) has the largest territory among the subjects of Russia the geographical factor playsa big role in the development of all social and economic processes in the republic. Geographical aspects influence thedevelopment of the population of the region, manifesting first of all in its spatial distribution. The specificity of territorial differentiation of resettlement in the region is reflected in the growing concentration of the population within center-periphery model. Intraregional centro-peripheral gradients remain the main characteristics of the modern settlement.

Unlike urban settlements the dynamics of rural settlements, which defines the skeleton of settler resistance, has a reduction in the number of settlements. Modern economic conditions significantly influenced the demographic development of rural settlements. Rural areas are experiencing severe economic contraction, caused by such processes as the increase in the share of unprofitable rural enterprises, the reduction of budgetary support for agriculture and rural development programs, rural infrastructure degradation. Dilution of settlement network, deepening of territorial population concentrations also result in greater spatial depopulation.

Index of demographic development for rural settlements of varying population size was calculated. Analysis of the main indicators of demographic development showed that rural settlements with greater populations have more stable population dynamics.

One of the most promising methods of applying strengthening coatings on the surface of parts is electric arc metallization using flux-cored wires. The technology of arc metallization is widely used for corrosion protection of metal constructions, restoration of worn parts of machines and mechanisms, etc. In the coating process a flux-cored wire is melted by the electric arc, and molten particles are accelerated towards the surface parts with high temperature gas flow. The technological modes of electric arc metallization significantly influence the subsequent formation of strengthening coatings. As the practice shows, thecoatings obtained by electric arc metallization are characterized by heterogeneous layered structure. The structure of powder coatings, distribution, composition and properties of the phases determine the wear resistance, hardness and strength of the processed surface of machine parts and mechanisms. That is why it is necessary to study in detail the structure of wear-resistant coatings taking into account technological properties of flux-cored wire, and heating process of the particles during the arc spraying. In this work analysis of elements of the structure of wear-resistant coating obtained by electric arcmetallization using flux-cored wire with refractory additives is conducted. The results of the study will be useful for improvement of the technology of electric-arc metallization using flux-cored wires.

As the long-term practice shows operation of mining equipment under extreme conditions of the North results in intensive wear, first of all, of working elements. Increase of service life of the cutting details of the digging equipment working at low climatictemperatures is especially actual. Materials of working elements of digging equipment are rather expensive; therefore forincrease of wear resistance of the cutting details their restoration with hardening is expedient. At the same time the mostpromising is use of high-energy technologies of powder metallurgy which are rather developed now. Therefore also the analysisof nature of wear of the restored working elements of equipment at operation in natural climatic conditions of the North isactual.

Results of field tests for wear and durability of the built-up crown of the ripper of the bulldozer Komatsu D375A are given in the work. It is established that the restored crown has high rates of durability to a break and wear resistance and its operational properties practically doesn't differ from new factory analogs. The results of analytical study of the built-up layer and comparative profilometric measurements of equilibrium surfaces of friction are presented. It is established that the chemical composition of the built-up layer differs from initial steel of a crown in the increased content of chrome (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), manganese (Mn) and vanadium (V). It is revealed that the hardness of the material of thebuilt-up layer makes 55–62 HRC that on ~ 40% are higher than the hardness of the initial crown.

The results of the study of a material quality, nature and causes of the destruction of connective bank of a boiler which supplied heating for an Arctic village are presented. The chemical composition of the tube bank metal (carbon steel, grade 20) is determined, the peculiarities of the metal structure, the cause and the level of damage which led to the emergency leakage of a technological medium are determined. In the fracture zone the irreversible physical and chemical changes contributed to the loss of function, – high-temperature transformation of the carbide component (spheroidization, graphitization) are revealed. The presence of aluminum that increases the propensity of pearlitic steels to graphitization when exposed to high temperatures has aggravated the factor of damage to the structure. As a result of the appearance of thermal defects of the structure, the ductilizing effect and degradation of corrosion resistance, the working ability of the pipes’s metal decreased. The unevendevelopment of the internal corrosion due to a mechanism of anodic attack led to the air leakages and the emergency boiler disintegration.

It is known that the problem of small doses of ionizing radiation was and still remains the most difficult, having not only radio biological, but also social and economic value. Now there are extensive data on negative and positive action of small doses of the ionizing radiation on a biota including on the person. A series of phenomena, arising under the influence of doses of natural radiation is revealed. On the one hand it is a stimulating action on metabolic processes of plant and animal organisms, due to the activation of cellular systems of restoration resulting in radioresistance to acute radiation (radioadaptation). On the other hand – it cause a substantial increase of radiosensitivity, due to accumulation in agenome of organisms of the chromosomal reorganizations leading to generation of the aberration cells differing in the lowered stability to secondary influence of g-radiations in high doses. The presented own and literary facts allow to conclude that radio biologists have very solid knowledge of action on organisms of high doses of ionizing radiation, but have no, neither sufficient data, nor theoretical ideas of influence on the world of wildlife of the natural and technogenic raised background radiation surrounding us in the field of small doses of radiation.

Action of Pb²⁺, Cd²⁺ in concentration of 3÷120 umol/l on cytological characteristics of root sprouts apical meristem of Matricaria chamomilla L. grade "Podmosvoknaya" is studied. On the early stages of germination at augmentation of Pb²⁺,Cd²⁺ concentration destabilizations of chromosomes structures in cells of the apical meristem of Matricaria chamomilla L. roots (the number of cells with micronucleus was 0.2 to 2.3%) is observed, at the same time the frequency of micronucleus formation had a bimodal character. Depression of a mitotic index in all range a micromolar concentration of Pb²⁺ (except concentration of 3 umol/l) and stimulation action of Cd²⁺ in concentration of 30 and 60 umol/l on division of the root meristem cells is found.

Biochemical and mineral composition of fodder herbs depending on degree of moisturization and of mode of alimentation in conditions of cryosolic, inundated and stratified soils of Central Yakutia was examined. We determined for the first time the availability, consumption of alimentation elements and coefficient of utilization of fertilizations for the herb–grass phytocenosisin conditions of The Middle Lena.

It was established that at organic and mineral alimentation mode and optimal moisture conditions the content of crude protein was 6.5% higher (up to 14.8%), the content of crude ash 1.6% higher, the content of crude cellulose, on the contrary, was 1.6 % lower in comparison with the control without fertilizers. The effectiveness of the fertilizers increase at high humidity. For example, a content of crude protein increase up to 16%. Mineral composition of herb–grass phytocenosis in conditions of organic and mineral alimentation forms an optimal content of elements in the forrage. Utilisation of humus in dose 20 ton/hectare via every 4 years on the herb–grass phytocenosis provide a high effectiveness of coefficient of utilization of thefertilizers – nitrogen (up to 204%), potassium (up to 62%) and phosphorus (up to 37%), that confirms a high adoption of the elements ofalimentation from organic fertilizer in conditions of the cryolithozone.

In the process of floristic studies in the vicinity of Ust-Nera settlement (the upper reaches of The Indigirka river, the ridge of Tas-Kistabit), a new, previously unknown point of spread of Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. was discovered. This point is located at the distance of 600-700 km to the north of the main area of the species distribution on the territory of Yakutia. The fact that this type of plant has passed a very important geographical boundary that is a barrier for many other species, which is Verkhoyansk range, is substantial. Judging by the fact that the species populations in the basin of TheIndigirka river is found near a roadside lake of the Federal highway M-56 «Kolyma» it is assumed that its appearance here is the result of contemporary invasion on the territory, namely, it was brought by car. This fact of movement to the North of the southern elements of flora is not the only evidence of tendencies of change of native vegetation formations, which in turn is dueto the climate change mitigation in recent years. The distribution of this species in North-Eastern Yakutia needs monitoring and control.

Mass occurrence of anomalies of the genus Typha in the territory of the south of European Russia is caused by anthropogenic factor. Its destructive effect in nature is characterized by Russian evolutionists as a great geological force which quickly accelerates the processes of evolution. As the result of these processes the ranges of polymorphic species are disrupted and localized thus reducing the abundance of populations and phytocenotic activity of ecosystems. Tendencies of transformation were noticed among predominant kinds of genus Typha L. in hydrophilic flora of river valleys and mouth fields of the rivers of the south of European Russia as a result of the enhanced contamination and intensive anthropogenic eutrophication in interrelation with ecological and climatic features of the territories of the Lower Don and the Lower Volga. This witnesses the intensity of the processes in connection with oppression of riverside assemblages not only of the valleys, but also the rivers running into them.

The effect of pre-sowing treatment by microfertilizer «Sizam» on the growth and development of seedlings of Festuca rubra is studied. The herbage grown from the treated seeds are characterized with density and are uniformly closed. Intensity of shoot plants and projective cover of vegetation are increased. One can see anticipation ripening of the seeds, which allows to forecast positive effects of using the fertilizer in lawns creating in conditions of Central Yakutia, as well as lawn grass seed production. The optimal seeding rate with preplant treatment is revealed, which amounted 30 and 40 kg / ha.

Materials on studying of an endemic plant of Yakutia – Papaver jacuticum are given. The species is spread in Central Yakutia and Upper Lensk floristic regions. It grows in open coniferous forests and on its borders, on steppe-heaths, on slopes and river shallows. The purpose of this work is to study ontogenesis of an endemic species P. jacuticum cultivated under theconditions of Central Yakutia. The standard techniques are used for the study. The phytocoenotic characteristics of the species in two communities of pine forests with participation of P. jacuticum in the territory of the Yakut Botanical Garden is studied. Under cultural conditions the species is estimated as high-steady. The mass flower-bud formation takes place in the middle of May, mass blossoming – at the beginning and in the middle of June. Fructification comes at the beginning of July. P. jacuticum is juvenile taproot plant. In ontogenesis of P. jacuticum there are 3 periods and 5 ontogenetic states: seeds, sprouts, juvenile, immature, virginile and generative states. By the results of comparative analysis of biometric indicators it is revealed that P. jacuticum grows better on open places developing maximum above-ground mass than in conditions of shading in culture and nature.

Data on new places of growth in the basin of the Aldan River, South Yakutia, of endemic plant species of Western Okhotiya – Anemone tamarae Charkev. are provided in the article. Earlier it was known from 5 places of the Ayano-Maysky district (Khabarovsk region). The taxonomic status and a brief morphological description of the species, information on itsdistribution, ecological and phytocenotic characteristics of habitats in Yakutia and Ayano-Maisky district are given, information about the protection measures and recommendations for conservation of natural populations of Anemone tamarae Charkev. in Yakutia are provided also.

The species composition, distribution on belts and abundance of Rhopalocera of alas ecosystems of Central Yakutia areconsidered. 67 species of Rhopalocera of 31 genus and 6 families are registered on the model alases of the «Tyungyulyu» base of Institute for Biological Problems of Cryolithozone SB RAS. 19 species and 4 genus from them are given for the first time for alas fauna. The biggest species diversity is registered in the family Nymphalidae, which includes 21 species, then Satyridae (16 species) and Lycaenidae (14 species). The butterflies of the alases are characterized by a large number of single and low-abundance species and among them Melitaea latonigena Eversmann, 1847 is numerous. There are 57 species on three hydrothermal belts of the alases, 56 – on the fringe of larch forest, 23 – in the forest. The arealogical analysis of fauna of Rhopalocera showed that the core of fauna is composed by widespread transpalaearctic and trans-Eurasian temperates species. The most original part of fauna of the studied alases is formed by species of Siberian-Far East boreal (10%), and also Siberian-Mongolian (2%) and Daursky steppe (2%) groups. For this time the fauna of Rhopalocera of alas-taiga ecosystems of the Lena–Amga Rivers' interfluve is studied enough and the indicated number of species is close to the final.

Data of the study of man-made landscapes of Western Yakutia are presented. Industrial impact of the Aikhal mineral processing plant onto the natural lands is showed. The man-made landscapes are presented as dumps, quarries, landfills and cuttings. The areas of the disturbed lands located at distance of one kilometer from Aikhal urban-type settlement are calculated by means of the Google Earth Pro program. Vegetable and soil cover of the area of research is described. For calculation of abundance of vegetation a Brown-Blanke scale is used. Change of the borders of natural landscapes is noted. On the basis of comparative analysis of long-term (since 2010) data the main criteria of transformation of technogenic landscapes of the area of research are distinguished and the schematic map is made.

The article presents information on the distribution and population density of game birds and mammals on various macro-structural formations in central part of the Verkhoyansk Range (132°E). In total, 12 species of nesting birds and 17 species of mammals were recorded all being major game species. From all birds, only two ptarmigan species have a density suitable for hunting, and only in separate years. Hare density (along the axial part of the Range) is small. Its population reaches peaks during 2–3 years due to migration from the northern submontane parts of the region occurring every 8–11 years. Squirrel population number is small. Brown bear has a high population density, especially on southern macroslope of the Range. Sable reaches hunting density only in the lower part of southern macroslope. Fox and wolverine are rare. The number of lynx increases to hunting density during the period of maximum abundance of mountain hare. Reindeer distribution area covers the lower parts of both northern and southern slopes of the Range.

The game resource in the mountains is made up of bighorn sheep and musk deer. The population density of musk deer (along the axial part of the Range) is 2,0 to 2,5 animals per 10 sq km, which is rather great number for Yakutia. Bighorn sheep can form high density population (up to 19,5–20,5 animals) only under optimal environmental conditions (along the axial part of the Range) and at the heights of the upper part of northern macroslope. The aerial survey conducted in 1988 showed that the areas with high density (7,6 animals per 10 sq km) can cover quite a vast territory, as it was recorded in the upper reaches of the rivers Sartang, Kele and Bariy. In recent years (2009–2014), the average density of the species has maintained within the range of 2,0–2,3 animals per 10 sq. km, which is, moat likely, the optimum density in the region.