Apatite is a common magmatic mineral. This calcium phosphate acts as a mineral concentrating halogens and strontium, which suggests that it is an indicator of late-stage melt evolution. Kimberlites represent few rocks where apatite has been studied in a limited number of reservoirs. The present paper discusses the results of the analysis of kimberlite apatite grains from the middle Paleozoic kimberlite pipe Manchary (Khompu-May field, Central Yakutia). The paper reports chemical composition and zone distri bution of apatite from kimberlites of the Manchary pipe. We also provide comparative analysis with kimberlite apatites (Canada, RSA), carbonatites (RSA), peridotite xenoliths in basalt (China), and eclogite xenoliths in kimberlite (Canada). It was found that the mineral in the Manchary kimberlite pipe is a strontium fluorapatite. Analysis of zoning in crystals allowed us to show the behavior of SrO in the formation of kimberlites of the Manchary pipe. Apatite under study was found to be late-stage magmatic, with its composition being affected by F- and Sr-rich fluids. Differences of apatite from the Manchary pipe and diamond-bearing kimberlite bodies, carbonatites, peridotite xenoliths, and eclogites in RSA, Canada and China indicate typomorphic characteristics of the mineral for particular magmatic systems with strontiumand volatile-rich fluids which allows one to use doped apatite for comparative studies of kimberlites and other rocks.

The article deals with the specific composition of late Cretaceous granites of the Right-Kyrin massif of alkali-feldspar granites localized on the border of the Selennyakh synclinorium and the TasKhayakhtakh anticlinorium of the Verkhoyano-Kolyma orogenic region and accompanied by rare-earth mineralization. The isotopic age of granites is 85–94 million years. It is shown that the granites belong to the A-type of post-threshold geodynamic environment. The parent melt was generated in deeply metamorphosed lower crust substrates under the influence of heat and fluids produced by deep mantle magmas. Granites are characterized by a high degree of differentiation, increased alkalinity, a combination of hightemperature, characteristic of the main rocks, and low-temperature, «granite», rock-forming and accessory minerals; and a substantial role of chlorine in crystallization. Based on these features and the presence of trachydolerite dikes in the contour of the massif and its exocontacts, it is assumed that there are main melts within the territory of the buried hearth, the activation of which in the late Cretaceous caused repeated melting of crustal substrates.

A skull of a woolly rhinoceros (C. antiquitatis) is described, which was found in 2018 on the bank of the Kozhevena river in the North of the island of Kotelny (the New Siberian Islands archipelago) during the expedition of the Department of mammoth fauna research of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and the Borissiak Paleontological Institute (Moscow). A comparative analysis of craniological features of the skull is presented in comparison with three skulls of C. antiquitatis from the continental part of Yakutia (Megino-Kangalassky, Nizhnekolymsky and Abysky districts). The woolly rhinoceros differs from other modern and extinct rhinoceros species by having a completely ossified nasal septum. Ossification of this septum in this species proceeds with maturing and, in addition, is determined by the intensity of horns use in the extraction of foot food. The nasal septum of the test sample was not completely ossified (about 80 %). Apparently, this individual was sexually mature but not old. The development of exostoses shows that this was a young male. At the moment, this is the northernmost find of the remains of this species. At the end of the upper Pleistocene, the New Siberian Islands were part of the mainland. The distribution of C. antiquitatis seems to have reached the Northern borders of the Beringian landmass.

Dispersive perennially frozen Quaternary deposits, ca. 100 m thick, were intersected by a borehole drilled in the central part of the Lena – Amga River plain. By the lithogenetic and cryolithological properties of deposits, the section is divided into 6 units: I – seasonal freeze-thaw (int. 0–1.1 m); II – blanketing loams (int. 1.1–2.65 m); III – ice complex (int. 2.65–26.15 m); IV – lacustrine (int. 26.15–63.45 m); V – lacustrine-alluvial (int. 63.45–78.9 m); VI – alluvial (int. 78.9–94.5 m) deposits. Two upper units (I, II) are at the stage of incorporation into permafrost. Unit III is characterized by a low bulk volume, high levels of moisture, organic matter, and mineralization, the presence of wedge ice and a variety of cryostructures. These features indicate that diagenetic transformations of sediments are absent. Stable isotope content in ice wedges provides evidence that they had formed mostly from snow melt. Units IV–VI are characterized by undisturbed bedding, absence of ice layers, exclusive distribution of massive cryostructure, higher density, low levels of mineralization and organic content. The stated peculiarities of units IV-VI witness deeper transformation of sediments, corresponding to the termination of the initial stage of diagenesis. By a degree of sediment diagenetic transformations prior to freezing, unit III is related to syncryogenic, while units IV–VI refer to epicryogenic deposits. Changes in sedimentation and freezing of sediments on the Lena– Amga River plain are associated with climatic fluctuations and glaciations. Freezing of the major volume of epicryogenic stratum had taken place in the Karga-Sartan time of the Late Pleistocene.

The results of experimental studies of grinding processes in a new centrifugal vertical grinder СVI designed at the IGDS, SB RAS are presented. The most important design factors for the equipment of the new type that affect the efficiency of geomaterial grinding taking into account the initial maximum size of the material are the gap between the working bodies and the location of the unloading unit for crushed geomaterial (relative to the central axis of the grinder body). The rational working parameters of the vertical centrifugal grinder were established by model tests with a laboratory sample (unloading angle –150 deg., the gap between the working disks - 3 mm). Changes in these factors within certain limits allow one to control the grinding process, in the combined mode of multiple dynamic and abrasive effects. The control of the grinding process consists in the possibility of limiting the output of under-crushed particles from the grinding zone, as well as setting the degree of reduction of disintegration products. The project and working documentation for a pilot industrial model of a vertical centrifugal grinder CVI-12 with a capacity of up to 12 t/h are developed.

Active expansion of the mining industry to the territory of the Arctic zone necessitates obtaining objective data on the initial state of ecosystems, forecasting the consequences of territory development, and developing measures for minimizing negative processes. The field and remote-research methods are used as the basis to provide a complete description of the mammalian population in the area of development of a new deposit of diamonds in the Arctic zone of West Yakutia that has not been studied before. It was found that the mammalian fauna of the studied area includes 28 species. The abundance of commercial and game hunting species and characteristics of small mammal communities were determined. The species of the greatest economic significance are the reindeer and sable. The new facility will most probably have the major impact on the Lena-Olenyok population of wild reindeer, which relies on this area during the autumn migration and foraging. Recommendations on minimizing the negative impact on commercial species were developed and put into practice with a positive result.

The effect of grinding of the aboveground biomass of Atriplex patula L. to particle size of 1.0–1.5 mm (coarse grinding), 0.8–0.9 mm (average grinding) and 0.5–0.6 mm (fine grinding) with further processing in a mechanical mill on the total content of flavonoids, amounts of rutin, dihydroquercetin and luteolin-7-o-glucoside in vegetable flour was studied. The total content of flavonoids in the biomass was determined by means of spectrophotometry, the content of rutin, dihydroquercetin and luteolin-7-O-glucoside was determined by means of HPLC. It was found that the yield of the total amount of flavonoids increased by a factor of 1.2 when crushed to a particle size of 0.5–0.6 mm, with respect to the studied grinding versions. Mechanical activation (MA) for one minute led to a decrease in the total amount of flavonoids in all grinding versions. It was found that grinding to a particle size of 0.8–0.9 mm (average grinding) reduces the content of rutin in plant flour by a factor of 1.6–2.0 with respect to the control. MA of coarse flour increased the yield of rutin, with the exception of the two-minute MA treatment. It was found that grinding to the particle size of 0.5-0.6 mm leads to an increase in the amount of extracted dihydroquercetin; with MA treatment of the resulting flour, dihydroquercetin content does not change, except for one-minute МA, when there was a 1.8 times decrease in dihydroquercetin content. It is shown that the grinding of raw materials to the size of 1.0-1.5 and 0.5–0.6 mm causes an increase in the content of luteolin-7-O-glucoside in plant flour. The MA treatment of plant flour led to a decrease in the amount of luteolin-7-O-glucoside under these grinding conditions. The exception was MA treatment of average-milled flour, where the content of dihydroquercetin increased by 33.3 % (with respect to the control in the group). The most optimal mode of MA was established, with a rotor speed of 1500 rpm in air, with pre-MA grinding of A. patula biomass to a particle size of 0.5–0.6 mm, which does not affect the change in the amount of the studied physiologically active substances in the raw material.

Central Yakutia is located in the middle reach of the Lena river. Plain terrain and low absolute altitudes are typical for the entire territory. The climate of the district is sharply continental, the district is located in the area of cryolithozone. Central Yakutia is characterized by larch (Larix cajanderi Mayr) and pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forests. Spruce forests (Picea obovata Ledeb.) are confined to the river valleys and alases. Birch (Betula platyphylla Sukacz.) outliers with abundant motley grass occur in the meadow-foreststeppe areas. The fragments of steppe areas are represented by meadow and cereal or cereal-sagebrush steppes. Lichenobiota of Central Yakutia has been studied since the 40-es of the past century, and currently contains 273 species from 90 genera of the Division of marsupial lichens (Ascomycota). The article provides a list of 48 species of lichens found in the course of complex expeditionary research carried out by IBPC SB RAS in different years. The lichen species presented in the article supplement the data on lichenobiota of Central Yakutia, especially scale epixylic and epiphytic species; lichens of steppificated communities. The list of lichens of Central Yakutia was replenished with 13 new species, 3 found lichenobiota species were new for Yakutia (Calicium notarisii, Carbonicola anthracophila, Hertelidea botryosa). 10 lichen species are rare in Yakutia and adjacent territories.

The study area is located within Olekmo-Charskoye highland, the southern part of the Olekminskiy ulus (district) of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Pinus pumila (Pall.) Regel plantations are considered, both indigenous and serial types, arising as a result of anthropogenic and natural disturbances. Pinus pumila communities in combination with rocky mountain tundra occupy slopes, peaks, flat peaks of low mountains at a height of 1100–1400 m above sea level. In the absence of catastrophic disturbances – fire events or anthropogenic impacts, Pinus pumila forest cover is uniform and forms an independent closed subalpine plant belt.
The generalized characteristics of the prevailing indigenous Pinus pumila communities are presented, geobotanical descriptions of the serial types that arose as a result of anthropogenic impact and wildfires are given. Conclusions concerning the phytocenological and typological proximity to the Pinus pumila communities of the Aldan Highlands are made. The participation of Vaccinium myrtillus in the grass-shrub layer of the Pinus pumila forests was detected, along with the penetration of Alnus hirsute into the high mountain areas. When passing through a low-intensity wildfire, against the background of the deficiency of seed material, the development of reforestation process to the formation of stable dwarf birch cenosis from Betula divaricata is probable. With the development of the succession process through a change of species, the formation of the succession shrub stage from Duschekia fruticosa was detected, with the general direction of the process similar to reforestation processes in other coniferous species. In the grass-shrubbery, in the first years after the violation, the formation of vegetation follows the path of an open grass community.

The chemical composition of the lipid-protein fraction separated in the production of the biological preparation Epsorin was studied. Epsorin, the drug based on reindeer antlers, is used as an effective medicine for asthenic conditions of various origins, with neurasthenia, neurosis, in postoperative periods, with weakness of the heart muscle, with hypotension; this drug has immunomodulating and radioprotective effect, stimulating and strength-recovering properties, it increases the physical and mental performance. The fractions of lipids, water-soluble substances and hydrolysis products were isolated from the lipid-protein mass by sequential extraction from the residues of the production of Epsorin biopreparation. All fractions obtained were converted to trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives. The obtained TMS derivatives were analyzed by means of GC-MS using a MAESTRO 7820/5975 instrument (Russia), built on the basis of an Agilent 7820 gas chromatograph (USA) and an Agilent 5975 mass spectrometric detector. It was shown that the yield of the studied substances was higher after freeze drying than after thermal treatment. A high content of replaceable and irreplaceable amino acids, polyols, organic, inorganic and fatty acids in the «Epsorin» lipid-protein residue was established. Thus, the Epsorin lipid-protein residue can be used as a biologically active cosmetic additive.

The anomaly of branchiness type is consideed, which is a separation of floral receptacle in the pistillate part of the inflorescences of Typha grossheimii of hydrophilic genus Typha (Typhaceae). It was established on the basis of the analysis of pistillate flowers that spontaneous expansion of the range of T. pontica is detected in the disturbed habitat of the Kagalnik river (Rostov Region), in connection with intensification of the anthropogenic factor. This fact may be a sign of technogenesis, resulting in the phenomena of this kind. At the same time, this is an interesting attribute of transformation process, i.e. selective destruction or substitution of so-called ancient (Sarmatian) species by new technogenic structures.

The paper presents studies of properties and structure of polymer-polymer composites (PPC) based on ultra-high-molecular polyethylene (n-UHMWPE) filled with radiation-modified ultra-high-molecular polyethylene (x-UHMWPE). To ensure radiation cross-linking of polyethylene macromolecules, γ-radiation ( ⁶⁰Со source) was used. Mixtures were obtained using standard technology of UHMWPE processing. Mechanical and tribological characteristics of the obtained PPC were studied. It was found that the wear rate decreases of by 12 times in relation to the unfilled n-UHMWPE. Therefore, adding 20 wt % x-UHMWPE does not change elongation at break and tensile strength of the PPC and remain at the level of the original polymer matrix significantly. The supramolecular structures of PPC were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was shown that x-UHMWPE powder is not homogeneously distributed in the polymer matrix. The filler particles are in the volume of the polymer matrix as unbound separate particles because the x-UHMWPE powders do not melt at the processing temperature of the initial UHMWPE. This leads to “structural fragmentation” of the composite material. The method of IR spectroscopy revealed occurring oxidative processes take place in x-UHMWPE during processing, with the formation of oxygen containing groups (C-O and C=O). The reinforcing fibrous filler (wollastonite) are used to enhance the mechanical properties of PPC and to impart entirely new effects. Using wollastonite improved tensile strength by 15 % and elastic modulus by 50 %.

The failure of the air-introducing pipe of water boiler in an Arctic settlement of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) was studied. The operation mode was studied, and the samples of the destroyed pipe material were investigated by means of optical and electron scanning microscopy. Metal composition was determined, and mechanical characteristics were evaluated. Microstructure analysis initially pointed to a strong thermal overheating of the pipe material, however, more than twofold thinning of the pipe wall and the presence of flaws that were repaired by manual arc welding several times later on proved the corrosion nature of destruction. Calculation revealed that the dew point was reached and moisture was condensed on the pipe as a concequence of specific low-temperature regime within a large range of air humidity during the operation of the boiler. Thus, it is necessary to change the design of the boiler or the pipe material because the existing version does not suite the extremal performance conditions, since the low a,bient temperature causes intensification of heat exchange, a decrease in the temperature of stack effluent, condensation of moisture and corrosion of the pipe metal.

In 2012, materials scientists determined the feasibility of making changes and proposed a four-part formula for the materials science paradigm «composition-structure-technology-properties». At the same time, the main orientation vector is aimed at a complex approach to the study and creation of materials with a mandatory account of the influence of the technology of obtaining materials on the formation of specified properties with a specifically selected composition and structure of materials. This paper reflects the possibility of making changes to the generally accepted paradigm of materials science «composition – structure – technology – properties». It is proposed to introduce the fifth link – reliability, which determines the requirements for the properties of materials and technologies for their production, which also affects the choice of their composition and structure. In addition, reliability is one of the criteria for the quality of materials and allows you to form a unified scientific approach to its assessment. The practical example shows the functional and mathematical dependences of individual reliability indicators and their comparison with the service characteristics of high-manganese steels, as well as the applicability of the developed methodological approach to evaluate the reliability and quality of materials and technologies, taking into account the economic feasibility of using various technologies. Thus, using the proposed methodological approach to assess the reliability of parts, by the example of the manufacture of fine-ground coal bilo, it is determined that it is most profitable to use less alloyed material in the manufacture of bilo, while there is a possibility of increasing the economic effect if the possibility of working surface hardening is provided.