The importance of a research of problems of mining of solid mineral deposits in the Arctic and adjacent regions is substantiated. The issues demanding solutions and considering features and difficulties of natural, climatic, mining-and-geological, mining-and-technical and social-and-economic conditions are discussed and new approaches to the development of the North depths are proposed. The principles of creation and projection of technologies of deposits development including questions of choice of excavation, loading, boring and transport technique corresponding to mining-and-geological conditions of a development, organization of a specialized repair base, complex use of overburden rocks and cleaning rejects, staging of conducting of mining operations, etc. are formulated. As a basis of the strategy of creation and exploitation of a mineral resources base in the Arctic and adjacent regions the complexity of deposits development is accepted with a simultaneous organization of open infrastructure of operating enterprises. A new methodological view on a research and projection of technologies of the northern territories development is proposed which is based on principles of system, complex, interdisciplinary approaches and innovative orientation.

In the Kuranakh anticlinorium (West Verkhoyansk), potentially carbonaceous (black shale) deposits are recognized at the basal levels of the Verkhoyansk terrigenous complex. Correlative levels of elevated concentrations of organic C and noble metals are outlined, which are confined to the Lower-Middle Carboniferous transgressive cyclites. The carbonaceous deposits are characterized by high concentrations of syngenetic pyrite and superposed sulfidization of disseminated or vein-disseminated types with elevated gold content. The results of the studies suggest that the carbonaceous (black shale) facies are potentially prospective for the formation of high-tonnage deposits with gold-(arsenic)-sulfide type of disseminated and veindisseminated mineralization.

An analysis of the development of the Jurassic deposit of Mastakh gas-condensate field of the Hapchagay megalithic bank of the Viluy syneclise is done. The gas recovery factor after the termination of development of the reservoir J1-I amounted 34% of the gas resources approved in the State Reserves Committee of the USSR. It is concluded that the low recovery factor is brought about by uneven and intensive selection of gas from the reservoir which led to drawing cones of water to the production wells and their premature watering. Some isolated results of measurements of the reservoir pressure from observation wells for the period since 2003 to 2013 year are given. It is established a measurable dynamics of the formation pressure relaxation (up to 0.12 MPa/year). A variety of different reasons of the observed recovery of formation pressure are discussed. As the most probable reasons a redistribution of trapped gas volumes, technogenic cross-flows and degassing of bottom waters are considered. It is recommended to undertake a study of the gas-condensate deposit in order to reveal a gas composition change for fixing probable gas cross-flows between beds. The dynamics of formation temperature is given, that also have a trend to appreciable increase (up to 4°C). The necessity of making corrections in the regimes of development of the gas-condensate fields of Hapchagaysky megaswell is marked.

To create a model of modern geodynamics of the seismotectonic Chersky zone (continental part of the Arctic-Asian seismic belt) we analyzed its structural-tectonic position, parameters of a deep structure, kinematic types of seismogenic structures, morphotectonic features of the modern relief and corresponding to them tectonic stress fields established on a basis of the solutions of focal mechanisms of local earthquakes centers, as well as the types of the Late Cenozoic fold and discontinuous deformations. It was found that under the transpressional conditions (compression with strike-slip) within the local segments of the central part of the Chersky zone (Yana-Indigirka and Indigirka-Kolyma) there is a certain dynamic situation, initiated by the interaction of the frontal structures of the contact zones of the Eurasian and North American lithospheric plates. Such conditions are possible if during the convergence of these plates the Kolymo-Omolon block in the frontal part of the North American plate as the indenter was active. Under the pressure of the indenter a series of terrains of different geodynamic nature was exposed to horizontal compression. As a result individual blocks of those segments on the system of differently directional strike-slips of different hierarchy were extruded in lateral direction along the orogenic belt respectively to the north-west and the south-east, forming on the edges and front parts of the Chersky zone the main seismogenic structures with a maximum seismic potential.

On a base of the analysis of a shaded relief, comparison with the satellite images of high resolution and a certification field work on the Leno-Viluy watershed in the transition zone of the «Siberian platform – Verkhoyansk-Kolyma folded area» we revealed a previously unknown volcanic cone structure and associated fields of lava, lava breccia and volcanic slag. The volcanic cone is located on the Lower-Upper Cretaceous reduced sediments (104-93.5 million years) of Hatyrikskaya and Agrafenovskaya suites, respectively, the age of the volcanism is not older than the Upper Cretaceous. Preliminary chemical and mineralogical analysis of the volcanic rocks allowed to attribute them to a dacite complex with large xenoliths and blocks of anorthosites.

As a result of the analysis and summarizing of hydrogeological investigations, a method of zoning of the Lena River basin on prospects of underground waters use has been proposed. The method is based on structural-hydrogeological principle taking into account permafrost conditions and hydro-geochemical peculiarities of ground waters. Stages of work on creating of the Lena River basin zoning map are considered.

The present paper examines past relief-forming conditions on the high Leno-Amga Rivers Plain underlain by Quaternary sediments. Thick (up to 100 m) sedimentary complexes of the plain were accumulated synchronously to glacials while breaks in the sedimentation took place during interglacials. Deposition of the thick Quaternary strata had likely occurred as a result of downwarp due to increase of glacial load. The uplift of the plain as well as the breaks in the sedimentation are probably caused by glacioisostatic movements during unloading of glacier which occupied the piedmont of the Verkhoyansk mountains.

This study examines the distribution of tritium, a radioactive isotope of hydrogen, in a snow cover in the Viluy River basin. In the late 20th century, tritium in the regional environment and its accumulation in snow originated from regional atmospheric transfer and had concentrations similar to those at the South Pole. By 2013, tritium concentrations in the snowcover increased nearly three times. The tritium concentrations in the snow cover correlate with population density. At present, long-living diffusive radioactive contamination is observed in the region caused mainly by radioactive fallout from the «Fukushima» disaster in 2011.

Data on a mammoth’s fauna of ‘Sellyakh’ site, located in Ust-Yansky Ulus, the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) are presented in the article. The site has been discovered in 2012 by local people with the right to collect mammoth tusks on the right bank of the river Sellyakh, which flow into the Sellyakh Bay. The site is characterized mainly by accumulation of fossil remains of the Mammuthus primigenius (Blumenbach, 1799). Remains of other large mammals of the mammoth fauna are presented by singular finds of three species – Equus lenensis (Russanov, 1968), Bison sp., Coelodonta antiquitatis (Blumenbach, 1799). Sixty two bones belonging to different parts of skeletons of twenty mammals of different age have been collected at the site. Paleontological material collected on the Sellyakh site has been examined according to standard procedures used for morphometric studies of large mammals. Measurements have been carried out with a tape measure and an electronic caliper. Size and age groups of the mammals have been identified with the help of materials from the work of E.N. Mashchenko, 1992. Preliminary data on the age and sex of the mammoths died in Sellyakh are similar to the age and sex of a family group of modern African elephants Loxodonta africana (Blumenbach, 1797). The results of radiocarbon dating conducted in Groningen (the Netherlands) correlate with the end of the Late Pleistocene.

Experimental studies of applicability of GPR for surveying structure and condition of a subgrade road surfaces and ice crossings were conducted for purpose to improve diagnostic methods for сryolithozone roads. The studies were performed on the example of the ice crossing «Yakutsk-Nizhny Bestyakh», the underlying rocks of the asphalted road «Nizhny Bestyakh-Maya» and the earth road «Amga». The data were received by a georadar OKO-2M with the antenna assembly AB-400 (LLC «LogiS»). Practical results of contact and radar measurements of the river ice thickness on the ice crossing and the road surface of the highway are presented. A map of distribution of the river ice thickness was generated based on the measured data and the weight carrying capacity of the ice crossing throughout its length was evaluated. The structure of the constructional layers of subgrade road surface «Amga» was explored and thickness of landfilling was estimated. The 180 meters of a contrast lens of material with high moisture on the section «Yakutsk–Nizhny Bestyakh» is shown based on the GPR data. In this area cryogenic action processes and further damage of the asphalt road covering are expected. The ability of GPR for determining a thickness of river ice in a place of ice crossings and the a thickness of structural layers of a road pavement with identification of areas of high humidity and highways soil decompression is demonstrated.

As a result of the carried out analysis it is established that during operation of trucks the least reliable part is engine. Failures of fuel equipment are an essential part of engine failures. Output parameters of fuel equipment directly determine a character of a working process of a diesel engine, its power, efficiency and reliability. At negative air temperatures a diesel fuel viscosity increases which is one of the causes of failure of expensive parts of a system power supply. We have considered a question of application of diesel fuel from the Talakansky oil field. The physical and chemical characteristics of the fuel were studied. To improve low temperature properties of the resulting diesel fuel some depressant additives were used. As a result a lowtemperature diesel fuel for diesel engines of vehicles operated at low climatic temperatures was obtained.

The present work opens a planned series of articles devoted to materials research of metal products of modern national culture, instruments of work, weapons and household items made in the past by local blacksmiths. These studies are conducted in order to provide technical assistance to national masters, local historians, researchers of a metallurgical culture of the Yakuts. Yakut khomuses are very popular and there is a need of serial production of quality "melodious" khomuses using modern technologies of metal processing. In this context, this paper discusses metallography aspects of the application of laser cutting to accelerate a process of manufacturing a workpiece of khomus body. Influence of laser cutting on metal structure of khomus body was investigated. A comparative analysis of changes in the microstructure and microhardness of a cut surface of metallic khomus body after laser and mechanical cutting is conducted. The thickness of a laser affected zone is defined. It is established that for cutting workpieces of khomus body it is possible to use a laser cutting, which provides high efficiency of the process in combination with high quality of cut surfaces.

A ductile-brittle transition phenomenon has been studied to analyze the damage nucleation processes in BCC metal at low temperatures. The internal friction method was applied to reveal the mechanism of dislocation microstructure changes during the low-temperature ductile-brittle transition. It has been shown for the first time that the transition is not connected with interatomic interactions but is stipulated by thermofluctuations on the fracture nuclei such as microcracks and by their further dislocation growth. The bond breakages occurred by the inelastic scattering of phonons and under the applied tension stress. From now on, it is supposed to apply the proposed mechanism for theoretical and numerical modeling of damage and fracture for polycrystalline and nanostructured steel and alloys.

Mathematical models of fluid flow and contaminations spreading in porous media are partial differential equations of evolution type. Two methods of their parameters identification have been proposed: the first one for constant parameter values, the second – for distributed ones. In terms of boundary value problems for the equation of transient fluid flow in porous media it has been shown that efficiency of the methods strongly depends on the number of measuring transducers whereas sample rate influences the methods’ response.

In the article the necessity to assign a special protected territory status to Agrafena (Ebe-Aryta) Island (Zhigansky ulus, the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)) is substantiated. The location of the island on a joint of geographical, vegetation subzones and its complex partitioned landscapes determine originality of its flora and vegetation. There is a wide row of vegetable communities from inundated floodplain willows communities to the climax larch woods in the territory of the island. A unique fir-larch overmatured forest with high rates of efficiency uncharacteristic for subpolar Yakutia grows here. On the low floodplain of the island extreme northern communities of a rare species of a willow – Salix triandra L. occur. One of the special features of the vegetation dynamics of the island is participation of Pinus pumila (Pall.) Regel) at average stages of alluvial successions that is antypical for flat floodplains of big rivers of northern part of Yakutia. Besides, on the island we for the first time for Yakutia found the massive of the birch forest from special dark-bark form of Betula alba L. = B. pubescens Ehrh. Special comparative morphological and molecular and genetic studies are necessary for clarification of taxonomical situation and the origin of this form.

A detailed soil research connecting with investigation of consequences of the catastrophic flood flows on the Alaseya River valley in 2008-2009 years was conducted for the first time. In this article materials on identifying of the impact of prolonged floods on a river valley soils are presented, and selection of soil degradation stages is substantiated. Hydromorphic soil transformation was evaluated on the basis of changes of the morphological structure of disturbed soils, basic physical and chemical properties of the studied soils were analyzed. As a result of the fulfilled works it was revealed three stages of soil disturbance: the first stage of soil degradation is characterized by impaired water regime caused by strong waterlogging and changing of thawing depth; the second stage is characterized by a deep disturbance of a surface humus horizon and partial destructurization of the mineral part of a profile; signs of the third stage of disturbance are the accumulation of fresh alluvium, degradation of organic horizon and full destructurization of a mineral layer and as a result a total change of the soil profile structure. Thus it was found that floods in a permafrost region, first of all, have a mechanical effect on the soil, breaking their natural morphological structure, water regime, etc., which leads to disruption of the bufferness of the system, reducing of fertility and even to waterlogging of the territories.

The paper discusses the results of the study of surface-sediment diatom species – environment relationships in the water bodies of St. Petersburg city. Application of canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) enabled establishing a relationship between the diatom assemblages composition and water depth, total phosphorus, pH and specific conductivity. Ecological preferences of main diatom species have been established as well.

Possible role of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) in individual sensibility to alcohol and alcoholinduced pathology such, mechanisms of organism resistances regulation including allergic sensitiveness and some forms of collagen's diseases development are discussed. This supposition is based on the next reasons: 1. The detoxification role of GGT may be conditioned by the participating in glutathione metabolism. 2. GGT can regulate the cells and tissues amino acids pools by facilitation their transport through the cell membranes as known the GGTregulating function in blood-brain barriers permeability. 3. The enzyme GGTsystem participates in collagen polypeptides complex synthesis and catabolism processes and this way is able to regulate the collagen metabolic state and diseases of connective tissue. 4. GGT may be included into mechanisms of some physiological effects of histamine by means of chemical binding and deactivation of high histamine concentration with the gamma-glutamylhistamine producing. It is a molecular base of antiallergic efficiency of GGT. 5. Besides GGT possibly participates in concentration level and function balances of neuromediators (adrenaline, noradrenalin, serotonin, dopamine, histamine) which are substrates of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. 6. It was found that the GGT level is differ in Tand B-subclasses of lymphocytes during some infection and other diseases. So in normal physiological GGT may be trigger enzyme system for the resistance and immune competence optimal state. Abnormal blood and tissues GGT (very high or low activity) may be effective marker in diagnostic and prognostic problems, for example collagen diseases connected with deregulations (destruction, dysplasia) of connective tissues. Perspectives porpoise steps and new mechanisms of some drugs and non-medicamentous factors in regulation of the GGT state may be useful for enzyme therapy in pathological processes as such as in rehabilitation.

The report presents a study of hibernation mechanisms in Sqiuridae family in Yakutia in conditions of the natural temperature. The next three points are considered: the rhythm of winter hibernation and mechanisms of its forming; the intensity of metabolism and mechanisms of its regulation; winter hibernation of Squiridae in Yakutia with body temperature below zero degrees Celsius. A winter hibernation of winter-hibernating Sciuridae of Yakutian consists of successive intervals of normothermia and hypothermia. Unlike the relative species living in warmer climate they have longer hibernating period and longer maximum length of the stupor duration. In a state of hypothermia, metabolism is reduced in 80-100 times in chipmunks, 100 130 times in gophers and 30-50 times in marmot. The temperature dependence of metabolism is present. The blackcapped marmot and two gopher species have minimum metabolism level in the range of near zero temperatures. The chipmunk has it slightly higher. Black-capped marmot, Long-tailed and Arctic ground squirrels are capable to be in hibernation with a body temperature below zero, the ground squirrels to 2 below zero and Black-capped marmot to 1 below zero degrees Celsius.