It is shown that Mesozoic pipes of the Orto-Yarginskoe field refer to the lamprophyre(ailykite)carbonatite type of rock parageneses without kimberlites in their composition. Amphiboles are indispensable part of all field rocks varieties and form the following evolution series: ferrinyboite → magnesiotaramite + magnesiocatophorite → magnesiohastigsite. The occurrence of sodium amphiboles at the early stages of crystallization is conditioned by the significant amounts of CO2 in SiO2 saturated initial melt. Lamprophyres and carbonatites are formed during ferrinyboite fractionation from the melt, which composition is limited by the following values of basic oxides concentrations: SiO2=40–42 %, Al2O3=7–8 %, MgO=10 %, CaO=5–7 %, Na2O~1 %, K2O=2–4 %. Na-Ca and Ca-amphiboles occur as equilibrium crystalline phases in all varieties of Ort-Yarginskoe field rocks. Morphological and chemical characteristics of these amphiboles suggest the miscibility gap in the isomorphous series magnesiocotaphorite-magnesiohastingsite. Literature review demonstrates that formation of lamprophyre-carbonatite series is followed by kimberlite magmatism at the adjacent territories synchronous in time, it therefore suggests possible existence of Mesozoic (Jurassic) kimberlites with productive diamond contents in the northern segment of the eastern slope of the Anabar uplift.

Practice of geologic-geophysical works in the territory of the Yakut kimberlite province showed that search of radical diamond fields in the zones of epigenesis surrounding them interferes with difficulties of obtaining proofs of the reasons of change of the containing breeds of a carbonaceous socle, which are defined by a variety of manifestation of physical and chemical processes. It generates ambiguity of interpretation of geologic-geophysical materials and, as a result, leads to omission of promising sites with kimberlite bodies, or authentication of obviously unpromising territories by expensive drilling. Thus, in order to purposefully conduct searches for kimberlites, it is necessary to know characteristics of chemical, physical, etc. effects genetically related to structures of diatreme association. Becoming of kimberlites has, mainly, the dynamic effect on the surrounding geological formations. As a result of the Villary effect (the change in the magnetic properties of the body during its deformation), in the sedimentary rocks of the zone of dynamic influence of the kimberlite body, petromagnetic heterogeneities of stress are formed that differ from the sterile rocks of the carbonaceous socle by specific values of parameters of anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS). This effect is advisable to use as a petrophysical search criterion of presence of promising areas of kimberlite bodies. Earlier, such changes of the AMS parameters because of pressure, for the purpose of solving applied geologic-geophysical problems, were not carried out and were performed by the authors for the first time.

It is necessary to study typomorphism of placer gold, because it is an effective and promising trend for forecasting formation of possible types of gold deposits in poorly studied areas, which does not require considerable costs. A study of typomorphic features of placer gold of the Khatyrkhay ore-placer cluster (Upper-Amga area) allowed determining that it is characterized by mineralogical-geochemical features of the same type. Fine high-standard gold with similar morphologic features prevails in all placers. It is mainly poor rounded, has an irregular shape and ore outlook that is typical for autochthonous gold and close relation of auriferous placers to neighboring primary sources. Trace elements and microinclusions of ore and rock-forming minerals identified in placer gold reflect a specific character of mineral composition of the Khatyrkhay ore field that additionally confirm a conclusion about delivery of gold from the neighboring primary sources of the gold-sulfide formation. A discovery of such microinclusions as tellurides of bismuth (tellurobismuthite, galenobismuthite) indicates conditions of the formation of gold mineralization related to exocontact metasomatism with the intrusion of monzonite-syenite composition. Inner structures of gold of this ore-placer cluster are characterized by the middleand coarse-grained structure, sometimes the structures of full granulation and disintegration are observed in them, being signs of thermal metamorphism, formed during intraand post-ore transformations. Placer gold almost lacks high-standard shells and microveinlets that indicates short-term presence of alluvial gold in supergene conditions. In general, on the basis of the study of typomorphism of placer gold it is concluded that the assumed gold ore source of the Khatyrkhay placer field is the gold-skarn type of mineralization (Lebedinsky), manifested in skarnified rocks and beresitized granite gneisses.

The article deals with features of formation of mining complexes in development of mineral resources of Arctic and Subarctic regions. An estimation of mineral and raw material potential of deposits of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is given. A methodological approach to a strategy of accelerated complex development of the mineral and raw material resources of the Northern and North-Eastern regions of Russia taking into account the complex development of territories is proposed. Implementation of this approach can be achieved through the formation of mineral and raw material centers of economic development. Recommendations on the technological development in the mining industry in the development of deposits in the Arctic zone are given. When developing new fields and expanding a raw material base, especially in the Northern regions of the Urals, Yakutia and the Far East with an underdeveloped infrastructure, the fundamentally new approach is proposed to the development of the strategy for the formation of the mining complexes with the single, open production infrastructure for the development of several fields in each of the areas of their location, including energy sources, water supply, repair facilities, social facilities, processing enterprises, etc. Thus, a principle of integrated development of the mineral resources is complemented by the principle of integrated development.

A high-quality relation of structural components of cast irons with a ferrite-pearlitic metal base and crack resistance of laboratory specimens subjected to impact cyclic loading modeling operational loads of working elements of mining machines is investigated. Determination of a value of plastic strains developing at destruction of the laboratory specimens with a previously grown fatigue crack was made by a X-ray diffractometry method of certain areas of a frontal plane of the specimens according to a particular scheme with known distances of a center of a shooting field from an initiating notch base. It is possible to select the deformed areas of construction elements and determine a relative level of distortions of crystals according to characteristics of diffraction profiles of heterophase alloys (constructional materials like the cast irons and steels). It is established that the main characteristics of the diffraction profiles indicate a course of microstrain processes of a metal base complex with the different components of a microstructure of the heterophase alloys.

In the article on the basis of microstructural studies by means of electronic (scanning tunneling and raster) microscopy, possibilities of analysis of micromechanisms and regularities of damage accumulation and fracture of steels, including those hardened by methods of intense plastic deformation, are considered. Based on a developed approach, the analysis of inhomogeneity of hardening of steel is conducted, revealing the mechanisms of fracture at various structural levels in order to understand the process regularities and to develop measures to prevent or reduce the damage accumulation. In particular, cases of fracture of a side frame of a truck are considered, when such an index of reliability in conditions of negative temperatures as a value of impact toughness KCV, gains in importance. A criterion of a lifetime estimation of rail transport molded pieces on the basis of a model of the damage accumulation in a material experiencing a lowtemperature ductile-brittle transition has been proposed.

A bioassay of 63 samples of soil collected in the territory of Yakutsk and one control sample from an undisturbed biotope has been performed. Seeds of the oat cultivar «Pokrovskii» were germinated on aqueous extract and on soil. Germination capacity and development of seedling shoot and root were estimated separately on the 3rd, 4th, and 14th days; toxicity value (TV) was calculated. High figures of germination capacity and development of shoot and root were registered in the control sample. The soils from the city are characterized by high variability of all parameters. With the aqueous extract we observed inhibition of germination capacity of up to 72 % on the third day, up to 44 % on the fourth day, and in case of the contact bioassay (i.e. using soil per se) in some samples 100 % inhibition was observed. Inhibition of development of vegetative organs is less pronounced, and with aqueous extract in 30 % of the samples we registered stimulating effect. Average TV in the territory of the city (calculated using 9 parameters) was 0.73, which is a low level of phytotoxicity. In individual sites it varied between the normal level (no toxic effect) and high toxicity. Most examined sites in the territory of Yakutsk were characterized by average or low phytotoxicity of soil. Relatively high toxicity was registered in sites with high traffic load and on the streets open for truck transport. A statistically significant correlation between the analyzed parameters of the oat and intensity of traffic load was found, and it was more pronounced with the contact bioassay. The contact bioassay results in higher values of inhibition of the analyzed parameters and produces higher TV, which indicates the presence of pollutants that are absent from the water fraction but have a negative impact on germination capacity and development of seedlings.

Two methods of biotechnological processing of 6 kinds of vegetative raw materials of Central Yakutia for obtaining extracts are applied. Toxicity of the obtained extracts was tested for survival of Ceriodaphnia affinis. It was found that water-alcohol extracts obtained in the usual way, when added to a cultivation medium, lead to an increase in a survival rate of C. affinis in variants with addition of extracts of umbilicaria and wormwood of Yakutia. Pre-extraction mechanochemical activation of the raw materials leads to a decrease of the C. affinis survival. Concentrations of the water-ethanol mixture that statistically reliably have no toxic effect on the survival of C. affinis for 48 and 96 hours are below 1 %. It was shown that during the observation of the experiment (48 and 96 hours) the introduction of some plant extracts obtained in the usual way and containing various concentrations of ethanol had a multidirectional effect on the survival of the test object. On the one hand, the survival rate of the crustaceans has increased, and on the other hand, the survival or death has decreased. It has been established that the water-alcohol extracts of plants obtained in the usual way (without preliminary mechanoactivation) and added to the cultivation medium led to the decrease in the survival of C. affinis or their complete death in all variants of plant extracts at concentrations of 1 % and lower in 48 and 96 hours (except for variants with the addition of umbilicaria and wormwood of Yakutia). The pre-extraction mechanochemical activation led to the further decrease in the survival of C. affinis. Apparently, this happened because during the extraction with the preliminary mechanoactivation a number of substances (not yet identified by us) are released into the extract, the addition of which leads to the sharp decrease in the survival rate of C. affinis, with respect to variants with ordinary extraction.

In Transbaikalia, a number of natural factors favour development of water and wind erosion. The article presents quantitative indicators of soil loss as a result of the permanent erosion in dells – linear grooves. A dell lifetime is more than one year. They are formed by slope waters, which carry out temporary runoff and transport of soil material. According to observations, the dells have a triangular or trapezoidideal shape in a cross section, and in the longitudinal direction a profile of the slope is copied. Detailed morphometric measurements of the model slope were carried out, which allowed increasing reliability of the research results. The difference in the shape of constructed empirical polygons of distribution of volume of dells objectively indicates a different intensity of erosion activity in different parts of the model slope. This is also evidenced by the differentiation of different parts of the slope by the conditional work on the transport of soil material under erosion by dells. For calculations, the model of Wishmeyer and Smith, given in the metric system, is implemented. Thus, for the first time in the region such important characteristics as EPR-erosion potential of relief, EPP – erosion potential of precipitation are determined. In accordance with a concept of allowable losses, which was developed for the first time in the United States in the 30-ies of XX century, the calculation of the value of MAEL – maximum allowable erosion losses of soils is conducted. The humus state of chestnut soils in the 50s of the XX century (0-moment), i.e. before the beginning of the virgin soil epic, was used as the initial indicators for the calculation of MAEL. These data were previously used to calculate the kinetics of humus content for the XX century. The actual humus status is assumed to be equal to the moderately eroded soils. At the same time, we believe that exactly this category of land is still able to meet the needs of plants. The calculations show that in the dry steppe landscapes of Transbaikalia the losses in compensated soil formation are approximately 2 t/ha/a. Soil degradation is exacerbated by desertification and aridization. Spatial differentiation of the model slope according to the form of the cross section of the dells and a diagnosing role of the empirical polygons of statistical distribution are shown. The soil erosion losses are estimated energetically. The indicators of the maximum permissible losses during the erosion, corresponding to the rate of the soil formation, as well as the temporal parameters of the service (durability) of soils, were obtained.

On the basis of research of materials of the herbarium SASY, LE, analysis of literary data and own observations in the nature, the review of distribution of types Castilleja Mutis ex L. f. (Scrophulariaceae Juss.) in Yakutia is executed. It is established that at the moment it is possible to consider reliably confirmed distribution in Yakutia of 9 species and 1 variety Castilleja: C. arctica Krylov et Serg., C. galastionovae E.G. Nikolin, C. hyparctica Rebr., C. pallida (L.) Spreng., C. pavlovii Rebr., C. rubra (Drob.) Rebr. s.str., C. rubra (Drob.) Rebr. var. multicaulis E. G. Nikolin, C. tenella Rebr., C. variocolorata Khokhr., and C. yukonis Pennell. It is assumed erroneous a prior indication of Castilleja pseudohyperborea Rebr. for Yakutia. The distribution of species such as Castilleja caudata (Pennell) Rebr and C. elegans Malte is questionable and needs to be clarified, previously cited according to literature. Castilleja arctica, C. pavlovii, C. tenella and C. yukonis need more careful study in natural conditions. Tables with photographs of herbarium specimens of plants mentioned in the article and ones in nature are given.