Линейные сооружения как важнейший фактор фрагментации среды обитания диких копытных

Abstract

According to air examination and winter field studies it was found that the construction of linear structures (roads, pipelines, electric main) creates obstacles to a free movement of wild ungulates as the formation of a gap of unbroken forest area, technogenic disturbance, sometimes physical barriers. This circumstance can lead to fragmentation of forestland, change of migration and separation of populations of wild ungulates on grouping. The result of this work revealed that on the area ESPO the wild animals are little. According to the calculations of population density per 10 sq. km. there will be wild reindeer 0,01 pieces, elk 0,01 pieces, red deer – 0,01 pieces. These quantitative metrics indicate the low population density of wild ungulates in South-Western Yakutia. The water conduit for the movement of large wild ungulates is unsurmountable obstacle. During seasonal movements moose was frequently observed near the water conduit . There are cases of illegal hunting of moose along the water conduit. Over 350 km along the roads and railways elks transitions were not found. Conducting several parallel to each other linear structures expands the area of obstacles thus making it difficult overcome and enhancing the wild ungulates psychological barrier.