Immiscible silica- and iron-rich melts at the Kildyam volcano complex (central Yakutia, Russia)
https://doi.org/10.31242/2618-9712-2020-25-2-2
Аннотация
A Kildyam Volcanic Complex was discovered in the natural outcrops and quarries of the Kangalassky terrace in the left bank of the Lena River 26 km north of Yakutsk. The manifestations of volcanism are represented by magnetite rich lava flows, agglomerate, pyroclastic breccia and tuff of andesites and dacites. Kildyam iron oxide deposit has been interpreted as lava flows and feeder dykes formed from ironrich pyroxenite magma as a result of liquid immiscibility. Associated with andesitic lavas mineralization occur as massive, taular bodies and stratified pyroclastic ores. Our research confirmed that tholeiitic trend of iron-rich pyroxenites evolves towards two immiscible liquids – magnetite lava and melilitite matrix. Further evolution leads to the separation of native iron and the transition of lavas to the calc-alkaline trend. Immiscibility of iron- and silica-rich melts during andesitic volcanism led to the formation of exotic varieties of magnetite-rich volcanic rocks. Fe-Ti-spinel mineral group is widespread at the Kildyam Volcanic Complex in the host andesite and in the local magnetite orebodies. The presence of native iron liquids as melt inclusions in clinopyroxene and plagioclase phenocrysts, magnetite- and silica-rich globules in andesite matrix, demonstrates the occurrence of liquid immiscibility in the early stage evolution of tholeiitic magmas. Lava flows saturated with native iron, magnetite, troilite and pyrite, native iron usually spherical in shape. According to microprobe analysis native iron contains Co – 0.04–2.89 %; Ni – 0.01–1.09 %; Pt – up to 1.45 %; Ir – up to 2.97 %; Pyrite contains Au – 0.11–2.25 %; Pt – 0.57–2.88 %; Ag – 0-1.18 %; Troilite contains Au – 0–3.15 %; Pt – 0–2.02 %; Ag – 0–1.68 %. In some parts of lava flows the amount of the magnetic fraction reaches 25–37 % of the total volume. In andesitic variolithic lavas the Pt content determined by the ICP-MS method – 0.11 g/t. A mineral phase enriched in Au (6.85 %) and Hg (2.94 %) was diagnosed in the Fe2TiO4 – MgAl2O4 spinelide. On the flanks of the volcanic field, alluvial gold is known in the Zolotinka stream (Cape Kangalassky) and in Paleogene sediments, discovered by the KhatyngYuryakh quarry 8 km from the center of Yakutsk by A.P. Smelov and A.A. Surnin. Most of the analyzed gold fineness varies from 846 to 996. Among high-fineness gold there is an Ag alloy – electrum which is typical for gold-silver mineralization. Discovered andesite associated iron-oxide ± gold and silver mineralization in Central Yakutia allows to refer it to analogous El Laco deposit in High Andes.
При поддержке: This research was funded by Diamond and Precious Metal Geology Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, project number 0381-2019-004. The author express his gratitude to Dr. Valentin P. Afanasiev for his constructive comments and excellent suggestions that helped to improve the manuscript. I am grateful for the support of the idea of studying the Kildyam Volcanic Complex and numerous discussions on all aspects of volcanism to the Institute colleagues – Vera A. Trunilina, Oleg B. Oleinikov and Vitaliy S. Grinenko. Larisa T. Galenchikova is thanked for excellent chemical analyses of rocks, Anna S. Vasileva – for gold and iron analyses, Nadejda V. Zajakina and Tatyana I.Vasileva – for x-ray analyses of volcanic rocks. Microprobe analyses were provided with the great help of Maria S. Jelonkina. Sample preparation for microscope and microprobe studies were well done by Vladimir Kurchatov.
Об авторе
А. V. Kostin
Diamond and Precious Metal Geology Institute, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences
Россия
Россия
KOSTIN Aleksey Valentinovich, doctor of geological and mineralogical sciences, head of laboratory
39 Lenina pr., Yakutsk, 677980
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Рецензия
Для цитирования:
Kostin А.V. Immiscible silica- and iron-rich melts at the Kildyam volcano complex (central Yakutia, Russia). Природные ресурсы Арктики и Субарктики. 2020;25(2):27-46. https://doi.org/10.31242/2618-9712-2020-25-2-2
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