Fatty acid profile in the blood plasma of pregnant women as a biomarker of the risk of miscarriage in the North

Different classes of fatty acids (FA) in the blood plasma of pregnant women in the North perform a triple load, ensuring optimal adaptation of the body to extreme climatic and geophysical conditions, participating in the most complex rearrangements in the body of women during this period and providing nutrition, growth and development of the fetus. The aim of this work was to study the FA profile of the blood plasma of pregnant women in order to identify biomarkers of the risk of miscarriage in the North. The blood plasma of 56 female volunteers in the first trimester of pregnancy was studied. According to the criterion of the degree of obstetric risk, all the subjects were divided into 2 groups: group 1 «Healthy» (n = 24), group 2 «Risk» (n = 32). The identification and determination of the concentration of fatty acids in the samples of blood plasma were carried out by gas-liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. 32 plasma fatty acids were identified. A high content of saturated fatty acids (more than 80 % of the total fatty acids) was revealed in both study groups. It was established that the features of the content of individual FAs in the blood plasma of pregnant women in the first trimester can serve as biomarkers of the risk of miscarriage in the North: 1) the ratio of the content of palmitic/oleic FA is lower than 17.6 units; 2) 2.51 times lower content of short-chain and long-chain fatty acids than in women with normal pregnancy; 3) the percentage of α-linolenic PSFA is 2.4 times lower than that of healthy pregnant women; 4) lower (below 0.02 %) total (Σ) content of ω3-polyunsaturated FA (ω3-PUSFA) than in healthy pregnant women; 5) the ratio of the total content of Σω6-PUSFA / Σω3-PUSFA equal to or higher than 74:1. By using appropriate dietary supplements or by adjusting the diet of pregnant women in the first trimester in accordance with the individual FA profile, it is possible to increase the percentage of healthy pregnancy and the birth of healthy children in the North.

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