Convergent mineralogical features of silicate igneous and carbonatite rocks of the Tomtor massif in the northeast of the Siberian platform

A comparative analysis of typomorphic features of the minerals of different types of silicate rocks and carbonatites of the Tomtor massif is provided to establish their convergent features. To exclude the mutual influence of the rocks formed at different times, samples for investigation were taken from different scattered independent pipe bodies consisting of the rocks of melteigite-malignite composition, a sheet body of alkaline picrites, a transverse carbonatite dike located to the south from the Tomtor massif, and also unaltered nepheline syenites from the southern margin of the massif. It is demonstrated that interesting convergent features are revealed for the rock-forming and accessory minerals, including rare-metal ore minerals of various silicate igneous rocks and carbonatite formations. These features are exhibited by rockforming minerals – pyroxenes, micas, feldspars, garnets, as well as by basic and rare carbonates, oxide ore minerals, including chromium-containing spinellids, sulfide and other exotic phases. New data related to the typomorphic features of minerals confirm our earlier information about the identification of five clusters by the association of petrogenic and a number of ore components among the rocks of the Tomtor massif. The most interesting nuance in this regard was the confirmation of the convergence of a group of definitely hightemperature early magmatic elements – MgO, Cr and Ni with a group of CaO, CO₂, H₂O, P₂O₅ and Y – components that formed carbonatite derivatives. For example, the detection of significant amounts of highchromium spinellids (Cr₂O₃ up to 46%, NiO up to 0.3% in alkaline picrites To-4-1 and Cr₂O₃ up to 32% in carbonatites To-5-1) indicates the through character of their presence in these rocks. Such studies will help revealing the mineralogical criteria of the genetic relationship between silicate melts and related carbonatite derivatives, which can form mineralization rich in rare elements.

1. Okrugin A.V., Tolstov A.V., Sleptsov A.P., Baranov L.N. Petrohimicheskie osobennosti associacii ul’traosnovnyh shchelochnyh porod i karbonatitov Tomtorskogo massiva i interpretaciya vozmozhnyh trendov ih evolyucii // Prirodnie resursi Arktiki I Subarktiki. 2019. Vol. 24. No. 4. P. 7–24.

2. Sheinmann Yu.M. Formatsiya ul’traosnovnykh– shchelochnykh porod // Shchelochnye intruzii, ikh razmeshchenie i svyazannaya s nimi mineralizatsiya. M.: Gosgeoltekhizdat, 1961. Iss. 12–13. P. 15–54.

3. Milashev V.A., Krutoyarskij M.A., Rabkin M.I., Erlih E.N. Kimberlitovye porody i pikritovye porfiry severo-vostochnoj chasti Sibirskoj platformy. M.: Gosgeoltekhizdat, 1963. 216 p.

4. Koval’skii V.V., Nikishov K.N., Egorov O.S. Kimberlitovye i karbonatitovye obrazovaniya Anabarskoi anteklizy. M.: Nauka, 1969. 288 p.

5. Egorov L.S. Melilitovye porody Maimecha-Kotuiskoi provintsii. L.: Nedra, 1969. 248 p.

6. Marshintsev V.K. Karbonatitovye obrazovaniya vostochnogo sklona Anabarskogo svodovogo podnyatiya. Yakutsk: Kn. izd-vo, 1974. 120 p.

7. Kornilova V.P., Nikishov K.N., Koval’skij V.V., Zol’nikov G.V. Atlas tekstur i struktur kimberlitovyh porod. M.: Nauka, 1983. 158 p.

8. Egorov L.S. Ijolit-karbonatitovyj plutonizm (na primere Majmecha-Kotjskogo kompleksa Polyarnoj Sibiri). L.: Nedra, 1991. 260 p.

9. Bagdasarov Yu.A., Gusev G.S., Gushchin A.V., Mezhelovskij N.V., Morozov A.F. Metallogeniya magmaticheskih kompleksov vnutriplitovyh geodinamicheskih obstanovok. M.: GEOS, 2001. 640 p.

10. Frolov A.A., Lapin A.V., Tolstov A.V., Zinchuk N.N., Belov S.V., Burgomistrov A.A. Karbonatity i kimberlity (vzaimootnosheniya, minerageniya, prognoz). M.: NIAPriroda, 2005. 540 p.

11. Epshtein E.M., Anikeeva L.I. Nekotorye voprosy geologii i petrologii kompleksa ul’traosnovnykh shchelochnykh intruzivnykh porod // Fiziko-khimicheskie problemy formirovaniya gornykh porod i rud. Vol. 2. M.: Izdvo AN SSSR, 1963. P. 182–195.

12. Vladykin N.V., Torbeeva T.S. Lamproity Tomtorskogo massiva (Vostochnoe Prianabar’e) // Geologiya i Geofizika. 2005. Vol. 46. No. 10. P. 1038–1049.

13. Belov S.V., Lapin A.V., Tolstov A.V., Frolov A.A. Minerageniya platformennogo magmatizma (trappy, karbonatity, kimberlity). Novosibirsk: Izd-vo SO RAN, 2008. 537 p.

14. Zavarickij A.N. Izverzhennye gornye porody. M.: Izd. AN SSSR, 1961. 479 p.

15. Entin A.R., Zaitsev A.I., Nenashev N.I. i dr. O posledovatel’nosti geologicheskikh sobytii, svyazannykhsvnedreniemTomtorskogomassivaul’traosnovnykh shchelochnykh porod i karbonatitov (Severo-zapadnaya Yakutiya) // Geologiya i geofizika. 1990. Vol. 31, No. 12. P. 42–51.

16. Kravchenko S.M., Belyakov A.Yu., Pokrovskii B.G. Geokhimiya i genezis Tomtorskogo massiva (sever Sibirskoi platformy) // Doklady RAN. 1992. Vol. 322, No. 5. P. 966–972.

17. Kravchenko S.M., Pokrovsky B.G. The Tomtor alkaline ultrabasic massif and related REE-Nb deposits, northern Siberia // Econ. Geol. 1995. Vol. 71 (7). P. 676–689.

18. Tolstov A.V. Osobennosti mineralogii i geokhimii apatit-magnetitovyh rud massiva Tomtor (S-Z Yakutiya) // Geologiya i geofizika. 1994. Vol. 35, No. 9. P. 91–100.

19. Epshtein E.M., Danil’chenko N.A., Postnikov S.A. Geologiya Tomtorskogo unikal’nogo mestorozhdeniya redkikh metallov (sever Sibirskoi platformy) // Geologiya Rudnykh Mestorozhdenii. 1994. Vol. 36, No. 2. P. 83–110.

20. Bagdasarov Yu. A. Geokhimicheskie osobennosti karbonatitov i soprovozhdayushchikh ikh silikatnykh porod shchelochno-karbonatitovogo massiva Tomtor (Vostochnoe Prianabar’e, Yakutiya) // Geokhimiya. 1997. No. 1. P. 10–20.

21. Vladykin N.V., Kotov A.B., Borisenko A.S. i dr. Vozrastnye rubezhi formirovaniya shchelochno-ul’traosnovnogo massiva Tomtor: rezul’taty geokhronologicheskikh U-Pb i 40Ar/39Ar issledovanii // Doklady RAN. 2014. Vol. 454, No. 2. P. 195–199.

22. Skublov S.G., Tolstov A.V., Baranov L.N., Melnik A.E., Levashova E.V. First data on the geochemistry and U-Pb age of zircons from the kamaphorites of the Tomtor alkaline-ultrabasic massif, Arctic Yakutia // В: Chemie der Erde, 2019.

23. Holmes A. A contribution to the petrology of the kimberlite and its inclutions // Trans. Geol. Soc. S. Africa. 1936. Vol. 39. P. 379–428.

24. Zhuk-Pochekutov K.A., Gladkikh V.S., Leont’ev L.N. Assotsiatsiya shchelochnykh bazal’toidovbazal’tov Maimecha-Kotuiskoi vulkano-plutonicheskoi formatsii // Petrologiya i Geokhimicheskie Osobennosti Kompleksa Ul’trabazitov i Karbonatitov. M.: Nauka, 1965. P. 5–90.

25. Vasil’ev Yu.R., Zolotukhin V.V. Petrologiya ul’trabazitov severa Sibirskoi platformy i nekotorye problemy ikh genezisa. Novosibirsk: Nauka, 1975. 272 p.

26. Baranov L.N., Tolstov A.V., Okrugin A.V., Sleptsov A.P. Novoe v mineralogii i geokhimii apatit-magnetitovykh rud massiva Tomtor, severo-vostok Sibirskoi platformy // Rudy i Metally. 2018. No. 2. P. 42–54. DOI: 10.24411/0869-5997-2018-00011.

27. Vasil’ev Yu.R., Konenko V.F., Korolyuk V.N. Akcessornye hromshpinelidy iz ul’traosnovnyh porod Majmecha-Kotujskogo rajona // Materialy po Geneticheskoj i Eksperimental’noj Mineralogii. N.: Nauka, 1976. P. 7–16.

28. Genkin A.D., Distler V.V., Laputina I.P. Hromitovaya mineralizaciya differencirovannyh trappovyh intruzij i usloviya eyo obrazovaniya // Usloviya obrazovaniya magmaticheskih rudnyh mestorozhdenij. M.: Nauka, 1979. P. 105–126.

29. Chayka I.F., Zhitova L.M., Antsiferova T.N., Abersteiner A., Shevko A.Ya., Izokh A.E., Tolstykh N.D., Gora M.P., Chubarov V.M., Kamenetsky V.S. In-Situ Crystallization and Continuous Modification of Chromian Spinel in the «Sulfide-Poor Platinum-Group Metal Ores» of the Norilsk-1 Intrusion (Northern Siberia, Russia) // Minerals. 2020. Vol. 10. P. 498.

30. Babushkina S.A. Sostav mikrokristallov shpinelidov trubki Malokuonamskaya // Otechestvennaya Geologiya. 2008. No. 5. P. 85–95.

31. Sobolev N.V., Pohilenko N.P., Lavrent’ev Yu.G., Usova L.V. Osobennosti sostava hromshpinelidov iz almazov i kimberlitov YAkutii // Geologiya i Geofizika. 1975. No. 11. P. 7–24.

32. Afanas’ev V.P., Zinchuk N.N., Pohilenko N.P. Morfologiya i morfogenez indikatornyh mineralov kimberlitov. Novosibirsk: Filial «Geo» izd-va SO RAN, 2001. 276 p.

33. Muan A., Huack J., Loffal T. Equilibrium studies with a bearing on lunar rocks // Proceedings of the Third Lunar Science Conference. 1972. Vol. 1. P. 185–196.

34. Davis R.J., Smith G.W. Yttrotungstite // Mineral. Mag. 1971. Vol. 38. P. 261–285.

35. Shkodzinskii V.S. Global’naya petrologiya po sovremennym dannym o goryachei geterogennoi akkretsii Zemli. Yakutsk: Izdatel’skii dom SVFU, 2018. 244 p.

36. Panina L.I., Motorina I.V. Zhidkostnaya nesmesimost’ glubinnyh magm i zarozhdenie karbonatitovyh rasplavov // Geohimiya. 2008. No. 5. P. 487–504.

37. Delitsyn L.M., Melent’ev G.B., Batenin V.M., Tolstov A.V. Sosushchestvovanie dvukh nesmeshivayushchikhsya zhidkikh faz v silikatno-solevoi niobii-redkozemel’noi sisteme // Dokl. RAN. 2014. Vol. 462, No. 4. P. 440–443.