Адамантановые углеводороды в нефтях и конденсатах Западной Якутии

Adamantanes are characterized by high thermal stability and resistance to biodegradation, that allow to use them for genetic correlation in oil-oil system. In this context, we studied the content, composition and character of distribution of adamantane hydrocarbons in different genetic types of oil and condensate of West Yakutia. The following materials were studied: condensate of the Middle Viluy field from horizon T1-III, oil of the Mastakh deposit from horizon J1-I, both genetically related to the organic matter of sapropelite-humite of the continental facies, as well as Vendian-Cambrian oils of the Talakan and Irelyakh deposits generated by the organic matter of the marine facies.

Adamantane and its homologues were found in all the studied fluids. The amount of adamantanes is mainly controlled by the chemical type of oil and the source of their generation. The highest content of adamantane hydrocarbons (0,28%) is established in naphthene oil of the Mastakh deposit, while the lowest concentration (0,04%) is registered in alkane oils of the Talakan and Irelyakh deposits. The Middle Viluy condensate contains 0,08% adamantanes. Close-cut oil and condensate fractions distilled at 150-250оC are close in the composition of adamantanes and in the character of their distribution. As the distillation temperature of the fractions rises, their adamantane contents and the total amount of low-molecular alkyl adamantanes decrease while that of high-molecular ones increases.

A disequilibrium distribution of alkyl adamantanes is established in all the fluids studied, which, in general, is typical of oils. This is indicative of the important role of the kinetic factor in the formation of adamantane hydrocarbons. It is concluded that the amount and ratio of isomers of adamantane hydrocarbons depend not only on the composition of oil and the parent organic matter but also on the paths and time of hydrocarbons migration and the composition of the rocks acting as catalysts in isomerization processes.

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