Issues with implementation regarding the National Project “Bioeconomics” in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation

Abstract

The Decree of the President of the Russian Federation, dated May 7, 2024, No. 309 “On the national development goals of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030 and for the future up to 2036”, Federal Law, dated November 30, 2024, No. 428-FZ “On bioresource centers and biological (bioresource) collections and on amendments to Article 29 of the Federal Law “On the Animal World”, Federal Law, dated July 13, 2020, No. 193-FZ “On state support for entrepreneurship in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation”, Decree of the President of the Russian Federation, dated October 26, 2020, No. 645 (as amended on February 27, 2023) “On the Strategy for the Development of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation and Ensuring National Security for the Period up to 2035”, and the National Project “Bioeconomics” planned for implementation starting in April 2025, share related goals and objectives in relation to the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation (AZRF). This article explores the potential for achieving specific objectives by evaluating the availability of organizational, legal, and scientific resources, which collectively indicate that a corresponding set of measures is feasible for implementation. In the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation, where the harsh climate limits agricultural production, the development of a bioeconomy is achievable through the use of wild plants and animals that exist in free or semi-free conditions. The bioproductivity of Arctic and subarctic biota is relatively low; therefore, effective management can be attained through the establishment of advanced processing techniques for raw materials, the diversification of manufactured products, and the expansion of markets for their distribution. The biomass reserves available for use are sufficient to support economic activities within the framework of small and medium-sized enterprises operated by the local population, leveraging contemporary physical and chemical biotechnologies.