Коммунальное загрязнение р. Лена в окрестностях г. Якутска и его роль в распространении дифиллоботриоза

The main source of pollution of the Lena river is the discharge of unpurified sewage water in Yakutsk city. Currently there are sewage mechanical purification works with the capacity of 35 thousand m³/day in the city. They apply liquid chlorine disinfection. Wastewater is discharged through two pipelines into the Lena river 1,5 km lower than the main water production area. 50–55 thousand m³/day of wastewater come to sewage mechanical purification works. One third of household waste water through the drain station enters the main collector and without treatment is discharged into the Lena river. The water factor has a significant impact on the level of cases infected by infectious and parasitic diseases transmitted by fecal-oral route. In Yakutsk those infected by intestinal infections annually amount to 1,000 cases on average per 100,000 people, by diphyllobothriasis – 900 cases per 100,000 people, which indicates a high degree of pollution of the river by municipal wastes. To identify environmental conditionality of spread of infectious and parasitic diseases among the population of Yakutsk we have studied water samples for sanitary microorganisms.The studies have shown a wide circulation and high levels of sanitary microorganisms. For 2005-2010 Coliform bacteria amounted to 7839.9 CFU per liter. The greatest degree of contamination is observed during the spring flood – 240 CFU per 100 ml. The content of thermotolerant Coliform bacterias in all samples does not meet the hygienic standards (SanPiN2.1.5.980-00) and goes up to 24,000 CFU per 100 ml. The total bacterial number during observation varied from 4 to 105 CFU per 1 ml. Sulfite-reducing clostridia (SRC) and Giardia cysts (Gardia lamblia cyst) on average over 5 years amounted to 1,93 CFU per 20 ml. and 3,2 cysts per 25 l correspondingly.The presence of sanitary microorganisms in the middle of the Lena river indicates significant water pollution by municipal wastes in Yakutsk, which leads to the spread of cases infected by intestinal infections and diphyllobothriasis.

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