Hydromechanics and Technical Characteristics of Formation of Continuous Basalt Fibres by Spinneret Method

Abstract

For getting fibers with unique properties, for the purpose of the subsequent production on their basis of composite materials, the most acceptable raw materials are basalts – extrusive rocks of a magmatic origin, highly stable on chemical and mineralogical composition, which resource in the world are almost inexhaustible including resource of a field of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Basalt fibers are produced by a singlestage technological process from unicomponent cheap raw materials. Formation of fiber is made from a viscous stream of melted basalt flowing from spinner. The alternative geometry of the channel spinning jet for making basalt continuous fiber which consists of the truncated cone and the cylinder is offered. It is shown that this construction of spinner stabilizes the basalt outflowing, that increases extract speed due to improvement of physico-mechanical properties of the fiber in comparison with the channel of constant section. The hydromechanics of basalt continuous fibers formation at a stage of the viscous melt outflow through the channel spinnng jet is described. Exactly, analytical formulas of flow velosity and pressure distributions along channel of spinner are found at small entering angles and at small Reynold’s number for engineering calculations. On the basis of the founded dependences the volume consumption of basalt melt along the channel of spinner is defined. Results of researches can be used for a choice and optimization of the technological modes of making continuous basalt fibers from raw materials of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) field on the inductrial plant of NPK «Term» of JSC «Stekloplastik».