Mechanisms of damage to materials and elements of steel structures operating in extreme conditions of North

In the article on the basis of microstructural studies by means of electronic (scanning tunneling and raster) microscopy, possibilities of analysis of micromechanisms and regularities of damage accumulation and fracture of steels, including those hardened by methods of intense plastic deformation, are considered. Based on a developed approach, the analysis of inhomogeneity of hardening of steel is conducted, revealing the mechanisms of fracture at various structural levels in order to understand the process regularities and to develop measures to prevent or reduce the damage accumulation. In particular, cases of fracture of a side frame of a truck are considered, when such an index of reliability in conditions of negative temperatures as a value of impact toughness KCV, gains in importance. A criterion of a lifetime estimation of rail transport molded pieces on the basis of a model of the damage accumulation in a material experiencing a lowtemperature ductile-brittle transition has been proposed.

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