Preview

Arctic and Subarctic Natural Resources

Advanced search

Сurrent understanding of the performance of medium and small embankment dams on permafrost in a warming climate

https://doi.org/10.31242/2618-9712-2019-24-1-52-66

Abstract

Dam safety is one of the most critical issues in permafrost regions. At present, the existing dams are reaching their design life limit. Geocryological processes, such as thermokarst, thermal erosion, frost heaving, suffosion, and concentrated seepage through meltout voids have intensified at the damsites due to climate warming. Global warming which began in the second half of the twentieth century is continuing. However, the rates of warming have significantly slowed down in some parts of the permafrost zone, with some areas beginning to show a cooling trend and permafrost aggradation. Unsteady thermodynamic conditions have developed in the lithosphere, in the layer of annual ground temperature fluctuations which hosts engineering structures. This paper discusses the current concepts of dam design and construction in permafrost regions. Based on several case studies, it is demonstrated that embankment dams often change their state from frozen to thawed and back during the operation period. It is shown that these transitions are not always attributable to observed climate warming. Where geotechnical, hydrogeological, and permafrost conditions are complicated, proper performance of embankment dams can only be provided by adhering to a selected thermal design, for example, to a frozen type. There is a need for radical revision of the existing standards for dam design in permafrost areas.

About the Author

R. V. Zhang
Melnikov Permafrost Institute SB RAS
Russian Federation

ZHANG Rudolf Vladimirovich, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Chief Researcher, Melnikov Permafrost Institute SB RAS, 36, Merzlotnaya st., Yakutsk, 677010, Russia, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9038-3380, rvzhang@mpi.ysn.ru.



References

1. SNiP 2.06.05-84*. Plotiny iz gruntovykh mate- rialov. M., 1991. 49 s.

2. Chzhan R.V. Temperaturnyy rezhim i ustoychi- vost' nizkonapornykh gidrouzlov i gruntovykh ka- nalov v kriolitozone. Yakutsk: Izd-vo IMZ SO RAN, 2002. 207 s.

3. Rekomendatsii po proektirovaniyu i stroitel'stvu plotin iz gruntovykh materialov dlya proizvodstven- nogo i pit'evogo vodosnabzheniya v usloviyakh Kray- nego Severa i vechnoy merzloty. M.: NIIVODGEO; Stroyizdat, 1976. 112 s.

4. Biyanov G.F. Plotiny na vechnoy merzlote. M.: Energiya, 1975. 184 s.

5. Chzhan R.V. Prognoz temperaturnogo rezhima nizko- i srednenapornykh gruntovykh plotin v Yaku- tii. Yakutsk: Izd-vo IMZ SO RAN, 1983. 43 s.

6. Biyanov G.F., Kogodovskiy O.A., Makarov V.I. Gruntovye plotiny na vechnoy merzlote. Yakutsk: IMZ SO AN SSSR, 1989. 152 s.

7. Vserossiyskaya konferentsiya «Izmenenie kli- mata v XXI veke: sovremennye tendentsii, prognos- ticheskie stsenarii i otsenka posledstviy». SPb.: IN- ENKO, 2005. 47 s.

8. Pavlov A.V., Malkova G.V. Sovremennye izme- neniya klimata na severe Rossii. Novosibirsk: Izd-vo

9. «Geo», 2005. 55 s.

10. Balobaev V.T., Skachkov Yu.B., Shender N.I. Prognoz izmeneniya klimata i moshchnosti merzlykh porod Tsentral'noy Yakutii do 2200 g. // Geografiya i prirodnye resursy. Novosibirsk: Nauka, 2009, № 2. S. 50–56.

11. Kozlov V.I. Aritmiya Solntsa ili … «fazovaya katastrofa?» // Nauka i tekhnika v Yakutii. 2018. № 2 (35). S. 56–62.

12. Gorokhov A.N., Fedorov A.N. Sovremennye tendentsii izmeneniya klimata v Yakutii // Geografi- ya i prirodnye resursy. 2018. №2. C. 111–119. doi: 10.21782/GiPR0206-1619-2018-2(111-119)

13. SNiP 2.02.04-88. Osnovaniya i fundamenty na vechnomerzlykh gruntakh. M., 1990. 71 s.

14. SNiP II-7-81* Stroitel'stvo v seysmicheskikh rayonakh (utv. postanovleniem Gosstroya SSSR ot 15 iyunya 1981 g. № 94) (s izmeneniyami ot 27 dekabrya 1999 g.). 68 s.

15. Deklaratsiya bezopasnosti kompleksa gi- drotekhnicheskikh sooruzheniy Arkagalinskoy GRES. p. Myaundzha, 2012.

16. Geologiya SSSR. T. XXX (Severo-Vostok SSSR). M.: Nedra, 1970. 536 s.

17. Geokriologiya SSSR. Vostochnaya Sibir' i Dal'nyy Vostok / Pod red. E.D. Ershova. M.: Nedra, 1989. 515 s.

18. Tsvetkova S.G. Opyt stroitel'stva plotin v rayo- nakh rasprostraneniya mnogoletnemerzlykh gruntov // Materialy k osnovam ucheniya merzloy kory. Vyp. VI. M.: Izd-vo AN CCCR, 1960. S. 87 – 110.

19. Vedernikov A.E. Merzlotnye protsessy v tele i osnovanii plotin na r. Myaundzha // Trudy VNII-1. Magadan, 1963. T. 22. S.179–237.

20. Geotermicheskie, fil'tratsionnye i staticheskie issledovaniya zemlyanoy plotiny. Obosnovanie perevoda zemlyanoy plotiny iz merzlogo v taloe sos- toyanie. OAO «VNIIG im. B.E. Vedeneeva», 2005– 2007 gg.

21. Gulyy S.A. Osobennosti temperaturnogo i fil'tratsionnogo rezhimov gruntovoy plotiny na r. Myaundzha // Nauka i tekhnika v Yakutii. 2017. № 2. S.16–22.

22. Gotovtsev S.P., Syromyatnikov I.I. Termovlazh- nostnyy rezhim nizkonapornykh gidrouzlov «Kuog- aly» i «Matta»: Nauchno-tekhnicheskiy otchet po kontraktu № 153-u/ZK s GBU «Upravlenie po me- lioratsii zemel' i sel'khozvodosnabzheniyu MSKh i PP RS (Ya) po teme «Geokriologicheskiy monitoring termovlazhnostnogo rezhima gidrotekhnicheskikh sooruzheniy Tsentral'noy Yakutii». Fondy IMZ SO RAN. Yakutsk, 2016. 77 s.

23. Ignatenko N.A. Geologicheskoe stroenie i formirovanie Yakutsko-Kangalasskogo rayona. M.: Izd-vo AN SSSR, 1961.

24. Resursy poverkhnostnykh vod SSSR: Gidro- logicheskaya izuchennost'. T. 17. Lensko-Indigirskiy rayon. Vyp. 2. Srednyaya Lena / Pod red. I. V. Osipo- voy. L.: Gidrometeoizdat, 1965. 164 s.

25. Skhema kompleksnogo ispol'zovaniya i okhra- ny vodnykh ob"ektov basseyna r. Lena. Kn. 1. Ob- shchaya kharakteristika rechnogo basseyna. Utver- zhdena prikazom Lenskogo basseynovogo vodnogo upravleniya Rosvodresursov ot 2014 g. № 77-p. 2014. 137 s.

26. Chzhan R.V. Temperaturnyy rezhim plotiny na r. Matta v p. Berdigestyakh Gornogo ulusa RS(Ya). Fondy Instituta merzlotovedeniya SO RAN. Yakutsk: IMZ SO AN SSSR, 1994. 30 s.

27. Chzhan R.V. Geokriologicheskie printsipy raboty gruntovykh plotin v kriolitozone v usloviyakh menyayushchegosya klimata // Fundamental'nye issledovaniya. 2014. № 9 (chast' 2). S. 288–296.


Review

For citations:


Zhang R.V. Сurrent understanding of the performance of medium and small embankment dams on permafrost in a warming climate. Arctic and Subarctic Natural Resources. 2019;24(1):52-66. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.31242/2618-9712-2019-24-1-52-66

Views: 31


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.


ISSN 2618-9712 (Print)
ISSN 2686-9683 (Online)