Annual dynamics of secondary metabolites in thalloms of Cetraria laevigata and Flavocetraria cucullate in Central Yakutia

On the territory of Yakutia, lichens are an essential component of vegetation in both tundra and taiga zones. They are highly resistant to adverse environmental conditions, which leads to the accumulation of various biologically active substances that perform adaptive functions in lichens. The climate of Central Yakutia is sharply continental, which manifests itself in a long, cold, low-snow winter and a short, hot dry summer. According to climatic conditions, Central Yakutia ranks second in the Republic in terms of the lowest temperatures in winter, and the first in terms of high temperatures in summer. The annual dynamics of lichen acid accumulation in thallomas of Cetraria laevigata Rass and Flavocetraria cucullata (Bellardi) Kärnefelt &Thell in the conditions of Central Yakutia was studied by means of HPLC. It was shown that the maximum content of fumarprotocetraric acid in the thallomas of Cetraria laevigata was observed in February and March, and the minimum values in May. It is suggested that fumarprotocetraric acid may have cryoprotective properties due to the formation of a hydrophobic layer in the cell wall of the hyphae of the inner part of the lichen. It was found that the maximal concentrations of usnic, allo-protolichesterinic and protolichesterinic acids in the thalli of Flavocetraria cucullata was in June and July, and the minimal one was in January and February. It was revealed that Cetraria laevigata and Flavocetraria cucullata exhibit a species-specific response to changes in weather conditions, which may be associated with different adaptation strategies and functions of lichen acids in lichen thallomas. The studied species of lichens are part of the feed of reindeer (yagel). The species Flavocetraria cucullata is well eaten all year round, especially in winter. Taking into account the antimicrobial activity of usnic acid, part of the thalluses of this lichen, and a high proportion of this species in the fodder base of deer, it may be stated that Flavocetraria cucullata has special significance not only in feed but also in veterinary-pharmaceutical respect to reindeer husbandry.

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