Estimate of the early stage of climatic aging of basaltand glass-fiber reinforced plastics

At present, the rapidly expanding development of the Arctic regions requires increased attention of researchers to the problem of climatic aging of polymer composite materials in extremely cold climate. After two years of climatic aging in extremely cold climate of Yakutsk, basalt-fiber reinforced plastic (BFRP) and glass-fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) based on basalt fabric BT-11P-kv-12 and glass fabric Ortex 560 impregnated with a three-component binder consisting of an epoxy polymer matrix ED-22, a hardener Iso-MTGFA and accelerator Agidol 53, binder destruction was found in the surface layer: in the form of cracking to a depth of up to 1 micron in BFRP and up to 4 microns in GFRP; in the form of bare fibers and single depressions no more than 30 microns deep. Comparison of the surface morphology of the front and back sides of the plastics showed that GFRP is more exposed to solar radiation than BFRP, so that the open porosity of GFRP was 2 times higher than the open porosity of BFRP. Applicability of the moisture sorption and diffusion model consisting of Fick’s law for diffusion and constant or relaxation boundary conditions, under stationary thermal and humidity conditions was substantiated. It was shown that the diffusion coefficient of the plastics increased 5 times after climatic aging. With all this, an increase in the mechanical parameters of the plastics is observed after 2 years of climatic aging. Thus, the change in the calculated parameters characterizing the destruction of the surface layer of the plastics can serve as a quantitative estimate for diagnosing the early stage of climatic aging of plastics.

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