The phosphate status of permafrost soils in Central Yakutia

The phosphate state of six types of frozen soil in Central Yakutia (forest podzolic, pale brown and pale, meadowsteppe chernozems, meadow-chernozem, and chernozem-meadow) was studied for the first time. We estimated the total phosphorus content and intra-profile distribution, and calculated the forms of mineral phosphates using the Chang-Jackson method and mobile phosphates according to Ginzburg-Artamonova. The weighted average total phosphorus content in these types of soils was low (174–376 mg/kg). The highest amount of total phosphorus was observed in permafrost meadow-chernozem (376 mg/kg), chernozems (358 mg/kg), and pale (344 mg/kg), slightly lower in chernozem-meadow (302 mg/kg), and the lowest was in pale-brown (214 mg/kg) and podzolic soils (174 mg/kg). Under cryolithozone conditions in Central Yakutia, which is characterized by a cryoarid climate and continuous permafrost, cryogenic soils are characterized by low biological activity and, consequently, a low amount of phosphates available to plants. The mobile phosphate content in the studied frozen soils (1,3–7,4 mg Р₂О₅/100 g soil) was low and very low according to Ginzburg-Artamonova (not exceeding 1–2% of the gross content). The upper horizons of frozen chernozems, which are the warmest and most fertile soils in Central Yakutia, have the amount of phosphates (18,3–42,1 mg Р₂О₅/100 g soil), which makes 8–1 % of the gross content and is estimated as medium and high. In various genetic horizons of frozen soils in Central Yakutia, the total amount of all forms of mineral phosphates estimated accrording to Chang-Jackson varies widely and ranges from 11,4 to 188,0 mg Р₂О₅/100 g soil. The studied frozen soils also differ in the minimum content of the most loosely bound phosphates available to plants, amounting to 2,7–6,0 mg Р₂О₅/100g soil, which usually does not exceed 10 % of the total amount. We conclude that the fractional composition of mineral phosphates in the frozen forest soils of Central Yakutia is dominated by phosphates that are difficult for plants to reach. The maximum content of iron phosphates reaches 63,1–92,6 % of the total amount of all fractions. A relative increase in calcium phosphates to 56,5–58,0 % of the total content is observed in the frozen meadow-steppe soils of this region.

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