Features of the gold-silver-bismuth-tellurium mineralization in the Allakh-Yun metallogenic zone (North-East of Russia)

The features of the substance composition, physicochemical parameters and conditions of the formation of gold mineralization of deposits and ore occurrences with the silver-bismuth-tellurium mineralization in the Allakh-Yun metallogenic zone are reported. The ores were determined to contain 20 tellurium minerals: 10 tellurides, 6 sulfotellurides, and 4 tellurates, two of them are unidentified. Usually they form microand nanoinclusions 1–20 µm in size, except for the ores of the Oderzhimyi and Tenistyi deposits, in which the size of tellurobismuth and/or tetradimite reach 3 mm. Tellurium minerals of two systems dominate: Au–Bi–Te and Au–Ag–Te. Gold is present in association with tellurium telluride minerals: calaverite (AuTe₂), sylvanite (AuAg)₂Te₄ and petzite (Ag₃AuTe₂). Three types of gold and silver-bismuth-tellurium mineralization are revealed in the gold ore deposits of the Allakh-Yun metallogenic zone: Au–Ag–Te, Au–Bi–Te, and the mixed type, combining the mineralization of both system. A decrease in the fineness of gold corresponds to the sequence and temperatures of the formation of Te minerals and associating mineral parageneses from mesothermal Au–Bi–Te (830–999 ‰) to epithermal Au–Ag–Te (<600 ‰). The data on the characteristic of fluid inclusions allow us to relate Au–Ag–Te ores to low-temperature, Au–Bi–Te – to mesothermal; the highest temperature of ore formation is demonstrated by the mineralization of the Levodybinskiy ore cluster: 365–276 °C. Ynykchanskoye ore field, judging from formation temperature 200– 150 °C, possesses the features of epithermal mineralization. The mixed Au–Ag–Bi–Te (the Zaderzhninskoye deposit) mineral type is composed of heterogeneous solutions. The compositions of Pb isotopes in galena of the gold-polysulfide association of the Zaderzhninskoye in the diagrams composed in the coordinates ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb–²⁰⁷Pb/204Pb and ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb–²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb demonstrated the agreement with the corresponding data on the Nezhdaninskoye gold deposit, and the data on the gold–silver–tellurium association of the Ynykchanskoye ore field – with the silver-polymetallic objects of the Tyry-Dybinskiy cluster. Genetic and paragenetic association of Au–Bi–Te mineralization with granitoid magmatism is assumed, while Au–Ag–Te mineralization is assumed to be associated with alkaline magmatism. The formation of the gold-polysulfide mineral type of the Levodybinskiy cluster and the Zaderzhninskoye deposit proceeded synchronously with the intrusion of large granitoid plutons of the Southern Verkhoyan territory. The gold ore deposits and occurrences in the Allakh-Yun metallogenic zone have some similar features in their mineral composition with the Au–Ag objects of the Verkhoyan-Kolyma folded zone and the Okhotsk-Chukotka volcanic belt, Primorye, and are close to the Au–Ag–Bi–Te deposits of the Aldanian shield and Central Asia. The description of the Dzheruy, a compact highly productive Au–Ag–Bi–Te deposit which is at the start of its intense development in Kyrgyzstan, is presented as an example. The studies revealed that Au–Te mineralization is spread within the boundaries of the Allakh-Yun metallogenic zone. The Au–Ag–Bi tellurides are essential auxiliary minerals revealing the physicochemical conditions of ore formation in the deposits. Silver, tellurium and bismuth may also be extracted as accompanying components from several deposits.

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