Research of biological effects on basaltoplastic rebars

The study has, for the first time, confirmed the possibility of penetration of the mold fungi mycelium and spore-forming bacteria into the structure of the basalt fiber reinforced plastic rebars has been detected in the laboratory and field experiments. Biological contamination at the «fiber-binding» border revealed areas of swelling and penetration of the mold fungi mycelium and bacterial spore cells into the binder component. After the exposure of samples at extremely low temperatures, strains of mold fungi of the genus Aspergillus and spore-forming bacteria of the genus Bacillus immobilized for samples a year ago were isolated from the surface of the rebars. This indicated the high viability of immobilized strains in the cold climates. Aboriginal microflora isolated from the samples by the enrichment culture technique was represented by the following: actinobacteria of the genera Nocardia and Streptomyces; yeast of the genus Rhodotorula; and mold fungi of the genus Penicillium. The enrichment culture technique proved to be a highly informative method of diagnosing the bio-infection of polymer composite materials during their operation in extremely low temperatures. The metabolic activity of the cryophilic microorganisms’ cells isolated from the experimental samples of the basalt fiber reinforced plastic rebars was associated with the features of the enzymes and fatty acid composition of the lipid bilayer of cell membranes. They were in a liquid-crystalline state in the optimal conditions for cryophilic microorganisms. In the case of temperature conditions when conventional (mesophilic) microorganisms stopped developing the vegetative cells, the transition process of the lipid bilayer of the cell membranes into a gel-like state was activated. The transition of the lipid bilayer to a gel-like state allowed the prevention of crystallization and death of the microbial cell when the ambient temperature dropped to the negative values. As a result, after thawing, growth resumed and the metabolic activity of the microorganisms was restored. We have also studied the effect of biodepletion on the elastic strength characteristics. After a year of exposure, the strength preservation coefficient was k = 0,82. The results showed that the selected strains affect the properties of polymeric materials in the cold climates in relation to the organic components in the structure of polymer composites.

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