Spring forest fires in Central Yakutia: The role of anthropogenic factors and their economic consequences

Spring forest fires in Central Yakutia continue to pose significant ecological and socio-economic challenges. This study examines the impact of agricultural field burning as a primary anthropogenic contributor to spring forest fires in the region. Furthermore, it assesses the economic consequences of these fires and the effects of the 2015 ban on burning, enacted under Decree No. 1213 by the Government of the Russian Federation. The research methodology includes an analysis of 25 years of data (2000–2024) provided by the Yakut Aerial Forest Fire Centre (Avialesookhrana) for the central districts of Yakutia. This is supplemented by field expeditions conducted during 2023–2024, GIS analysis, phenological monitoring, and the application of established pyrological methods (Nesterev, Kurbatsky, Zalesov). The findings reveal that 80–98% of spring fires are anthropogenic in origin, with 60–70% attributable to uncontrolled agricultural burning. Despite the legislative ban, this practice persists as a traditional method for pasture preparation, promoting early grass regrowth and improving forage availability. The analysis shows that the prohibition has not reduced fire incidence but has produced unintended adverse effects on agricultural productivity. The practical contribution of this research lies in identifying a “safety window” for regulated burns–from late April to the first five days of May–during which the risk of fire spreading to forested areas is minimal. An adaptive fire management framework is proposed, including the legalization of controlled burns, the implementation of licensing procedures, public education initiatives, and the establishment of a regional pyrological monitoring center. Consequently, shifting from a total ban to a scientifically grounded regulatory approach is expected to reduce fire hazards, preserve ecosystems, and promote sustainable rural development.

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