<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">resar</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Природные ресурсы Арктики и Субарктики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Arctic and Subarctic Natural Resources</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2618-9712</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-9683</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Академия наук Республики Саха (Якутия)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31242/2618-9712-2024-29-3-470-478</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">resar-462</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Биологические науки. Экология</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Biological sciences. Ecology</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Численность, экология и расселение лесного бизона (Bison bison athabascae) в Якутии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Abundance, ecology and dispersal of wood bison (Bison bison athabascae Rhoads) in Yakutia</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8566-591X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сафронов</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Safronov</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сафронов Валерий Михайлович, доктор биологических наук, главный научный сотрудник</p><p>ResearcherID: JJF-3847-2023</p><p>Scopus Author ID:55848081500</p><p>г. Якутск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valery M. Safronov, Dr. Sci. (Biol.), Chief Researcher</p><p>ResearcherID: JJF-3847-2023</p><p>Scopus Author ID:55848081500</p><p>Yakutsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vmsafronov28@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7273-6807</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сметанин</surname><given-names>Р. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Smetanin</surname><given-names>R. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сметанин Роман Николаевич, младший научный сотрудник</p><p>ResearcherID: HOC-3362-2023</p><p>г. Якутск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Roman N. Smetanin, Junior Research</p><p>ResearcherID: HOC-3362-2023</p><p>Yakutsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">r.n.smetanin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1227-5277</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петров</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrov</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Петров Клим Алексеевич, доктор биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>Researcher ID: J-9029-2018</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 36020476500</p><p>г. Якутск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Klim A. Petrov, Dr. Sci. (Biol.), Leading Researcher</p><p>Researcher-ID: J-9029-2018</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 36020476500</p><p>Yakutsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kap_75@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт биологических проблем криолитозоны СО РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute for Biological Problems of Cryolithozone, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>470</fpage><lpage>478</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сафронов В.М., Сметанин Р.Н., Петров К.А., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сафронов В.М., Сметанин Р.Н., Петров К.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Safronov V.M., Smetanin R.N., Petrov K.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://resar.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/462">https://resar.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/462</self-uri><abstract><p>В 2006, 2011, 2013 и 2020 гг. в Якутию переселены из Канады четыре группы молодых лесных бизонов по 30 голов. Их гон впервые наблюдался в 2007 г. в возрасте 2‒3 лет, отел ‒ весной 2008 г. в возрасте 3–4 лет. За 2008‒2023 гг. от канадских и родившихся в Якутии бизонов получено 16 поколений телят. Доля рожавших самок изменялась по годам от 46,2 до 92,3 %, в среднем 69,3±5,4 %. В 2017 и 2018 гг. часть бизонов выпущена на волю в среднем течении р. Синяя. В 2023 г. общая численность бизонов в питомниках «Усть-Буотама», «Тымпынай» и в вольной группировке достигла 348 особей. Дана характеристика пастбищ, питательности растений, питания, воспроизводства, репатриации в природу и расселения бизонов в Якутии и соседних областях. Бизон в достаточной степени адаптирован к климатическим условиям региона, важнейшими из которых являются продолжительный зимний период, короткое лето и экстремально низкие зимние температуры воздуха. В Центральной Якутии имеется обширная экологическая ниша для существования бизонов в виде мелкодолинных угодий с луговой и кустарниковой растительностью, что позволяет рассчитывать на успешное восстановление исторического ареала рода Bison в Якутии и на сопредельных территориях. Во избежание инбридинга и для поддержания генетической разнородности животных требуются их регулярные выпуски в дикую природу, периодическое пополнение новыми партиями интродуцентов из разных парков Канады.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In 2006, 2011, 2013, and 2020, four groups of young wood bison, each made up of 30 individuals from Canada, were introduced to Yakutia. The bison began to reproduce at ages 2 to 3 in 2008. Their mating behavior was first noted in 2007 when they were 2 to 3 years old, and calving took place in the spring of 2008 when they were 3 to 4 years old. Between 2008 and 2023, 16 generations of calves were born from both Canadian and Yakutia-born bison. The percentage of females that gave birth varied each year, ranging from 46.2% to 92.3%, with an average of 69.3 ± 5.4%. In 2017 and 2018, some bison were released in the middle section of the Sinyaya River. By 2023, the total population of bison in the nurseries “Ust-Buotama,” “Tympynai,” and in free-ranging groups reached 348 individuals. We discuss the characteristics of pastures, plant nutrition, feeding, reproduction, reintroduction to the wild, and the distribution of bison in Yakutia and surrounding areas. Bison have adapted well to the region’s climate, which features long winters, short summers, and extremely low winter temperatures. Central Yakutia offers a broad ecological niche for bison, with shallow valley lands that have meadow and shrub vegetation. This environment supports the potential for successfully restoring the historical habitat of the Bison genus in Yakutia and nearby regions. To avoid inbreeding and preserve genetic diversity, it is crucial to regularly release animals into the wild and occasionally introduce new individuals from various parks in Canada.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>лесной бизон</kwd><kwd>интродукция</kwd><kwd>питомник</kwd><kwd>пастбища</kwd><kwd>воспроизводство</kwd><kwd>прирост</kwd><kwd>расселение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>wood bison</kwd><kwd>introduction</kwd><kwd>nursery</kwd><kwd>pasture</kwd><kwd>reproduction</kwd><kwd>growth</kwd><kwd>dispersal</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации по проекту «Популяции и сообщества животных водных и наземных экосистем криолитозоны восточного сектора российской Арктики и Субарктики: разнообразие, структура и устойчивость в условиях естественных и антропогенных воздействий» (тема № FWRS – 2021–0044, ЕГИСУ НИОКР № 121020500194 – 9).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This study was conducted within the state assignment of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation for the project “Populations and communities of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems of the cryolithozone in the eastern sector of the Russian Arctic and Subarctic: diversity, structure, and sesilience under natural and anthropogenic impacts” (theme No. FWRS – 2021–0044, registration No. 121020500194 – 9).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Флеров К.К. Зубр. Морфология, систематика, эволюция, экология. М.: Наука; 1979. С. 9–127.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Flerov K.K. European bison. Morphology, systematics, evolution, ecology. Moscow: Nauka; 1979, pp. 9–127. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Русанов Б.С. Ископаемые бизоны Якутии. Якутск: Кн. изд-во; 1975. 145 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rusanov B.S. Fossil bison of Yakutia. Yakutsk: Yakutsk Publishing House; 1975. 145 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Боескоров Г.Г. О времени вымирания мамонтовой фауны на территории Якутии. В кн.: Наземные позвоночные Якутии: экология, распространение, численность. Якутск: ЯФ Изд-ва СО РАН; 2002. С. 102‒110.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boeskorov G.G. On the time of extinction of mammoth fauna in the territory of Yakutia. In: Terrestrial vertebrates of Yakutia: ecology, distribution, number. Yakutsk: YaF Publishing House SB RAS; 2002, pp. 102‒110. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Протопопов А.В., Протопопова В.В., Плихт Й.В.Д. Лесные экосистемыпозднего плейстоценаЯкутии. Природные ресурсы Арктики и Субарктики. 2018;25(3): 28–35.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Protopopov A.V., Protopopova V.V., Plikht J.v.d. Forest ecosystems of the late Pleistocene of Yakutia. Arctic and Subarctic Natural Resources. 2018;25(3):28–35. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reynolds H.W., Gates C.C., Glaholt R.D. Bison (Bison bison). In: Wild Mammals of North America: Biology, Management, and Conservation. Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press; 2003, рр. 1009–1060.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reynolds H.W., Gates C.C., Glaholt R.D. Bison (Bison bison). In: Wild Mammals of North America: Biology, Management, and Conservation. Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press; 2003, рр. 1009–1060.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Усанова В.М. Отчет по геоботаническому описанию опорных пунктов изучения водно-термической мелиорации луговых угодий в колхозе им. Энгельса Горного района Якутской АССР (рукопись). Якутск: Фондовый материал Института биологии ЯФ СО АН СССР; 1960. 23 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Usanova V.M. Report on geobotanical description of the reference points for the study of water-thermal reclamation of grasslands in the collective farm named after Engels, Gorny District, Yakut ASSR (manuscript). Yakutsk: Material of the Institute of Biology, YaF SB AS USSR; 1960. 23 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сафронов В.М., Сметанин Р.Н., Степанова В.В. Интродукция лесного бизона в Центральной Якутии. Российский журнал биологических инвазий. 2011;(4): 50–71.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Safronov V.M., Smetanin R.N., Stepanova V.V. Introduction of forest bison in Central Yakutia. Russian Journal of Biological Invasions. 2011;(4):50–71.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Strong W.L., Gates C.C. Wood bison population recovery and forage availability in Northwestern. Journal of Environmental Management. 2009;90(1):434–440.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Strong W.L., Gates C.C. Wood bison population recovery and forage availability in Northwestern. Journal of Environmental Management. 2009;90(1):434–440.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gates C.C., Freese C.N., Gogan P.J., Kotzman M. American Bison: Status Survey and Coservation Guidelines 2010. Gland, Switzereland: IUCN; 2010. 135 р.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gates C.C., Freese C.N., Gogan P.J., Kotzman M. American Bison: Status Survey and Coservation Guidelines 2010. Gland, Switzereland: IUCN; 2010. 135 р.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Банников А.Г., Шварц С.С. Есть ли тайга в Канаде? Природа. 1970;(9):34–41.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bannikov A.G., Schwarz S.S. Is there a taiga in Canada? Priroda. 1970;(9):34–41. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Караваев М.Н. Растительный покров. Якутия. М.: Наука, 1965. С. 247–292.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karavaev M.N. Vegetation cover. Yakutia. Moscow: Nauka, 1965, pp. 247–292. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Жесткова И.А. Об экологии и поведении зубра в Хоперском заповеднике. Бюллетень МОИП. Отд. биол. 1988;93(4):30–38.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhestkova I.A. About ecology and behaviour of European bison in the Khopersky Reserve. Bulletin of MOIP. Biol. department. 1988;93(4):30–38. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hawley A.W.L., Hudson R.J., Drew K.R., Baskin L.M. Bison farming in North America. In: Hudson R.J. (ed.) Wildlife production systems: Economic utilisation of wild ungulates. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1989, pp. 346–62.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hawley A.W.L., Hudson R.J., Drew K.R., Baskin L.M. Bison farming in North America. In: Hudson R.J. (ed.) Wildlife production systems: Economic utilisation of wild ungulates. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1989, pp. 346–62.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Safronov V.M., Zakharov E.S., Smetanin R.N. Wood bison (Bison bison athabascae Rhoads, 1898) in Central Yakutia. In: 31st International Union of Game Biologists Congress, 27−29 August, 2013. Brussels; 2013. P. 291.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Safronov V.M., Zakharov E.S., Smetanin R.N. Wood bison (Bison bison athabascae Rhoads, 1898) in Central Yakutia. In: 31st International Union of Game Biologists Congress, 27−29 August, 2013. Brussels; 2013. P. 291.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wilson G., Olson W., Strobeck C. Reproductive success in wood bison (Bison bison athabascae) established using molecular techniques. Canadian Journal of Zoology. 2002;80(9):48–80.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wilson G., Olson W., Strobeck C. Reproductive success in wood bison (Bison bison athabascae) established using molecular techniques. Canadian Journal of Zoology. 2002;80(9):48–80.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дерябина Т.Г. Состояние популяции европейского зубра в Полесском государственном радиационно-экологическом заповеднике. В кн.: Сохранение разнообразия охотничьих животных и охотничьего хозяйства России. М.: Изд-во РГСАУ-МСХА им. К.А. Тимирязева; 2009. С. 340–343.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Deryabina T.G. State of the European bison population in the Polessky State Radiation and Ecological Reserve. In: Conservation of the diversity of game animals and hunting economy of Russia. Moscow: K.A. Timiryazev RHSAU-MSHA Publishing House; 2009, pp. 340–343. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kirkpatrick J.F., Gudermuth D.F., Flagan R.L., et al. Remote monitoring of ovulation and pregnancy of Yellowstone bison. Journal of Wildlife Management. 1993;57(2):407–412.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kirkpatrick J.F., Gudermuth D.F., Flagan R.L., et al. Remote monitoring of ovulation and pregnancy of Yellowstone bison. Journal of Wildlife Management. 1993;57(2):407–412.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Данилкин А.А. Полорогие (Bovidae). Млекопитающие России и сопредельных регионов. М.: Т-во научных изданий КМК; 2005. 550 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Danilkin, A. A. Bovidae. Mammals of Russia and adjacent regions. Moscow: KMK Scientific Publishing House; 2005. 550 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Немцев А.С., Раутиан Г.С., Пузаченко А.Ю. и др. Зубр на Кавказе. М.; Майкоп: Изд-во «Качество»; 2003. 292 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nemtsev A.S., Rautian G.S., Puzachenko A.Y., et al. European bison in the Caucasus. Moscow; Maykop: Publishing House “Kachestvo”; 2003. 292 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Корочкина Л.Н., Кочко Ф.П. Динамика численности вольноживущих зубров Беловежской пущи. Заповедники Белоруссии. 1983;(7):52–89.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Korochkina L.N., Kochko F.P. Population dynamics of free-living European bison in Belovezhskaya Pushcha. Reserves of Belorussia. 1983;(7):52–89. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сметанин Р.Н., Сафронов В.М. Интродукция лесного бизона в Якутии. В кн.: Млекопитающие России: фаунистика и вопросы териографии. Материалы конференции. Ростов-на-Дону. 17–19 апреля 2019 г. М.: Т-во науч. изданий КМК; 2019. С. 267–269.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smetanin R.N., Safronov V.M. Introduction of forest bison in Yakutia. In: Mammals of Russia: faunistics and zoogeographical issues. Conference materials. Rostovon-Don. 17-19 April 2019. Moscow: KMK Scientific Publishing House; 2019. pp. 267–269. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Калугин С.Г. Восстановление зубра на северо-западном Кавказе. В кн.: Труды Кавказского государственного заповедника. Вып. 10. М.: Лесная промышленность; 1968. С. 3–94.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kalugin S.G. Restoration of European bison in the north-western Caucasus. In: Proceedings of the Caucasian State Reserve. Issue 10. Moscow: Lesnaya Promyshlennost; 1968, pp. 3–94. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Егоров А.Д. Химический состав кормовых растений Якутии. М.: Изд-во АН СССР; 1960; 336 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Egorov A.D. Chemical composition of fodder plants of Yakutia. Moscow: Academy of Sciences of the USSR; 1960. 336 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
