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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">resar</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Природные ресурсы Арктики и Субарктики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Arctic and Subarctic Natural Resources</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2618-9712</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-9683</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Академия наук Республики Саха (Якутия)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31242/2618-9712-2024-29-1-108-120</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">resar-346</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Биологические науки. Экология</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Biological sciences. Ecology</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Адаптация кустарничков к условиям арктических тундр Западного Шпицбергена</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Adaptation of dwarf shrubs to Arctic tundra conditions in West Svalbard</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8342-1764</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шмакова</surname><given-names>Н. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shmakova</surname><given-names>N. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шмакова Наталья Юрьевна, доктор биологических наук, главный научный сотрудник</p><p>ResearcherID: 97378, Scopus Author ID: 57191981695</p><p>г. Кировск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Shmakova Natalia Yurjevna, Dr. Sci. (Biol.), Chief Researcher</p><p>ResearcherID: 97378, Scopus Author ID: 57191981695</p><p>Kirovsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shmanatalya@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0658-6845</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Марковская</surname><given-names>Е. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Markovskaya</surname><given-names>E. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Марковская Евгения Федоровна, доктор биологических наук, профессор</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 6603350545</p><p>г. Петрозаводск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Markovskaya Evgenia Fedorovna, Dr. Sci. (Biol.), Professor</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 6603350545</p><p>Petrozavodsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">volev10@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6655-5197</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Морозова</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Morozova</surname><given-names>K. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Морозова Кира Владимировна, кандидат биологических наук, доцент</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 56906831100</p><p>г. Петрозаводск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Morozova Kira Vladimirovna, Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Associate Professor</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 56906831100</p><p>Petrozavodsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mkv25@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6310-3846</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ермолаева</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ermolaeva</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ермолаева Ольга Владимировна, кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник</p><p>ResearcherID: 1016999</p><p>г. Кировск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ermolaeva Olga Vladimirovna, Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Senior Researcher</p><p>ResearcherID: 1016999</p><p>Kirovsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olia.ermolik@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Полярно-альпийский ботанический сад-институт им. Н. А. Аврорина Кольского научного центра РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden-Institute, Kola Sciense Centre</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Петрозаводский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Petrozavodsk State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>108</fpage><lpage>120</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шмакова Н.Ю., Марковская Е.Ф., Морозова К.В., Ермолаева О.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шмакова Н.Ю., Марковская Е.Ф., Морозова К.В., Ермолаева О.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shmakova N.Y., Markovskaya E.F., Morozova K.V., Ermolaeva O.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://resar.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/346">https://resar.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/346</self-uri><abstract><p>Устойчивость биоты арктических территорий в условиях изменения климата и увеличения антропогенной нагрузки определяется адаптивным потенциалом отдельных видов. Цель работы – оценка адаптивного потенциала кустарничков (Betula nana, Vaccinium uliginosum, Salix polaris) флоры Западного Шпицбергена на основании морфолого-анатомического исследования и анализа жирных кислот (ЖК) суммарных липидов листьев. Показано, что все исследованные виды имеют сходные характеристики анатомии листа: мелколиственность, дорсовентральное строение с четкой дифференцировкой на палисадный и губчатый мезофилл, что обеспечивает их существование в Арктике. Для S. polaris характерны высокие значения объема устьичного аппарата, амфистоматичный тип листа, высокий коэффициент палисадности, большой объем механической ткани листа и высокое содержание ненасыщенных жирных кислот (ННЖК). Эти особенности в условиях Западного Шпицбергена обеспечивают высокую функциональную активность, прохождение всех этапов онтогенеза и широкое распространение вида. В отличие от S. polaris, для B. nana и V. uliginosum характерны уменьшение площади листа, снижение коэффициента палисадности, гипостоматический тип листа, что в сочетании с увеличением разнообразия «второстепенных» ННЖК, а также отсутствием генеративного развития может свидетельствовать о более высоком для них уровне экстремальности условий. Эти особенности могут быть причиной их ограниченной представленности в экотопах Западного Шпицбергена. Показано, что более высокий адаптивный потенциал S. рolaris способен обеспечить большую его устойчивость в условиях изменения среды обитания в отличие от B. nana и V. uliginosum. Все исследованные виды могут быть использованы как маркерные для мониторинга состояния среды в условиях высокой Арктики.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The stability of the biota in the Arctic regions under climate change and increasing anthropogenic burdens is inﬂuenced by the adaptive potential of its representatives. This study aimed to assess the adaptive potential of dwarf shrubs (Betula nana, Vaccinium uliginosum, and Salix polaris) in the ﬂora of West Svalbard on the basis of their morphological and anatomical features and total leaf lipid fatty acid content. All species have similar leaf anatomy characteristics: small leaves, dorsoventral structure with clear diﬀerentiation into palisade and spongy mesophyll, which ensures their growth in the Arctic. However, S. polaris is characterized by high volumes of the stomatal apparatus, an amphistomatic type of leaf, a high palisade coeﬃcient, a large volume of mechanical leaf tissue, and a high content of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA). These features provide high functional activity, passage through all stages of ontogenesis, and a wide distribution of the species in West Svalbard. In contrast to S. polaris, B. nana and V. uliginosum are characterized by a decrease in leaf area, a decrease in the palisade coeﬃcient, and a hypostomatic leaf type, which, combined with an increase in the diversity of “secondary” UFA, as well as the lack of generative development, may indicate a higher level pressure of extreme conditions for the species. Thus, these features may explain their limited representation in the ecotopes of West Svalbard. In contrast to B. nana and V. uliginosum, the higher adaptive potential of S. polaris ensures its greater stability in conditions of changing habitat. All studied dwarf shrub species can be used as markers for monitoring the environment in the high Arctic.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Salix polaris</kwd><kwd>Betula nana</kwd><kwd>Vaccinium uliginosum ssp. microphyllum</kwd><kwd>анатомия</kwd><kwd>жирнокислотный состав листьев</kwd><kwd>адаптации</kwd><kwd>Западный Шпицберген</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Salix polaris</kwd><kwd>Betula nana</kwd><kwd>Vaccinium uliginosum ssp. microphyllum</kwd><kwd>leaf anatomy</kwd><kwd>fatty acids</kwd><kwd>adaptation</kwd><kwd>West Svalbard Island</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания ПАБСИ КНЦ РАН «Растительнопочвенные ресурсы, совершенствование методов управления охраняемыми природными территориями в условиях климатических изменений и антропогенного воздействия и оптимизации среды обитания человека на архипелаге Шпицберген» (№ 0189-2019-0025; № гос. регистрации 1021032422551-2-1.6.11).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This study was conducted within the framework of the state assignment for the Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden-Institute of the Kola Science Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences “Plant and soil resources, improvement of methods of management of protected natural territories under conditions of climatic changes and anthropogenic impact and optimization of human habitat in the Svalbard archipelago” (No. 0189-2019-0025; Registration No. 1021032422551-2-1.6.11).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чернов Ю.И. 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