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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">resar</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Природные ресурсы Арктики и Субарктики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Arctic and Subarctic Natural Resources</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2618-9712</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-9683</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Академия наук Республики Саха (Якутия)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31242/2618-9712-2026-31-2-244-256</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">GZVUXH</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">resar-1320</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАУКИ О ЗЕМЛЕ. Инженерная геология, мерзлотоведение и грунтоведение</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EARTH SCIENCES. Engineering geology, permafrost and soil sciences</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка оптимальной нормы предзимнего полива для создания защитного слоя в условиях распространения ледового комплекса</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Assessment of the optimal pre-winter irrigation rate for creating a protective layer under ice complex distribution conditions</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4032-3675</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сивцев</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sivtsev</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сивцев Максим Алексеевич - младший научный сотрудник лаборатории геотермии криолитозоны.</p><p>ул. Мерзлотная, 36, Якутск, 677010</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maxim A. Sivtsev - Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Permafrost Geothermics, Melnikov Permafrost Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.</p><p>36, Merzlotnaya St., Yakutsk, 677010</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">SivtsevMA@mpi.ysn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6721-5338</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жирков</surname><given-names>А. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhirkov</surname><given-names>A. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Жирков Александр Федотович - кандидат технических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории геотермии.</p><p>ул. Мерзлотная, 36, Якутск, 677010</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander F. Zhirkov - Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Permafrost Geothermics, Melnikov Permafrost Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.</p><p>36, Merzlotnaya St., Yakutsk, 677010</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zhirkov_af@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8237-1053</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Осипов</surname><given-names>В. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Osipov</surname><given-names>V. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Осипов Владимир Петрович - кандидат технических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник отдела № 16, сектора № 3.</p><p>Миусская пл., 4, Москва, 125047</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir P. Osipov - Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Leading Researcher, Department No. 16, Sector No. 3, Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics of Russian Academy of Sciences.</p><p>4, Miusskaya Sq., Moscow, 125047</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">osipov@keldysh.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт мерзлотоведения им. П.И. Мельникова СО РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Melnikov Permafrost Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт прикладной математики им. М.В. Келдыша РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>31</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>244</fpage><lpage>256</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сивцев М.А., Жирков А.Ф., Осипов В.П., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сивцев М.А., Жирков А.Ф., Осипов В.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sivtsev M.A., Zhirkov A.F., Osipov V.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://resar.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1320">https://resar.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1320</self-uri><abstract><p>В районах распространения ледового комплекса деградация защитного слоя приводит к активизации криогенных процессов, что сопровождается нарушением поверхности, изменением водно-теплового режима грунтов и утратой устойчивости мерзлотных ландшафтов. Особенно уязвимы нарушенные участки с неглубоким залеганием полигонально-жильных льдов. Предзимний полив рассматривается как способ управляемого изменения тепло- и влагопереноса в верхней части сильнольдистых отложений ледового комплекса Центральной Якутии с целью ускоренного формирования переходного (защитного) слоя на нарушенных термокарстом участках. Цель работы – на основе сопряженного моделирования тепло- и влагопереноса оценить оптимальную норму предзимнего увлажнения, при которой создаются условия для накопления льда в нижней части сезонно-талого слоя без его переувлажнения. Материалами послужили метеорологические данные со станции Амга и данные термовлажностного мониторинга на экспериментальных участках в долине р. Амга. Модель реализована в программе COMSOL Multiphysics и включает уравнение теплопереноса с учетом фазового перехода методом кажущейся теплоемкости и уравнение Ричардса для переменно-насыщенной фильтрации. Выполнены расчеты серии сценариев предзимнего полива (0–500 мм) с контролем выхода на квазистационарный режим. Установлено, что для рассматриваемых условий оптимальная норма предзимнего полива, обеспечивающая формирование льдонасыщенного защитного слоя, составляет не более W = 300 мм и зависит от начальной влажности сезонно-талого слоя. При других сценариях либо фронт инфильтрации не достигает нижней части сезонно-талого слоя (W= 100, 200 мм), либо начинает увеличиваться количество незамерзшей воды и повышается температура подстилающих многолетнемерзлых пород (W= 400, 500 мм). Полученные результаты могут быть использованы при планировании мерзлотно-мелиоративных мероприятий в районах распространения ледового комплекса и при выборе режимов предзимнего увлажнения.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In areas underlain by ice complex deposits, degradation of the protective layer activates cryogenic processes, leading to surface disturbance, alterations in ground heat and moisture regimes, and loss of permafrost landscape stability. Disturbed sites with shallow polygonal-wedge ice are especially vulnerable. Pre-winter irrigation is considered a method for the controlled modification of heat and moisture transfer in the upper part of ice-rich deposits of the ice complex in Central Yakutia. The method is intended to accelerate the formation of a transitional (protective) layer in areas disturbed by thermokarst. This study aimed to assess, through coupled modeling of heat and moisture transfer, the optimal pre-winter irrigation rate that creates conditions for the formation of an ice-saturated protective layer without over-wetting the seasonally thawed layer. To achieve this, the study draws on meteorological data from the Amga station and thermal and moisture monitoring data from experimental sites in the Amga River valley. The model was implemented in COMSOL Multiphysics and includes a heat transfer equation accounting for phase transitions using the apparent heat capacity method, as well as the Richards equation for variably saturated flow. A series of prewinter irrigation scenarios ranging from 0 to 500 mm was calculated, with control of the transition to a quasi-steady-state regime. Under the considered conditions, the optimal pre-winter irrigation rate ensuring the formation of an ice-saturated protective layer was found to be no more than W = 300 mm, depending on the initial moisture conditions of the seasonally thawed layer. However, at W = 100 and 200 mm, the infiltration front does not reach the lower part of the seasonally thawed layer, whereas at W = 400 and 500 mm, the amount of unfrozen water begins to increase and the temperature of the underlying permafrost rises. Therefore, these results can be used in planning permafrost reclamation measures in areas with ground ice development, including the ice complex, and in selecting pre-winter irrigation regimes.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>защитный слой</kwd><kwd>предзимний полив</kwd><kwd>ледовый комплекс</kwd><kwd>численное моделирование</kwd><kwd>Центральная Якутия</kwd><kwd>COMSOL Multiphysics</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>shielding (protective) layer</kwd><kwd>pre-winter irrigation</kwd><kwd>ice complex</kwd><kwd>numerical modeling</kwd><kwd>Central Yakutia</kwd><kwd>COMSOL Multiphysics</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исходные данные получены в рамках НИОКТР № 126020216324-9 «Геотемпературное поле и многолетнемерзлые толщи Азиатской части России. Реакция теплового режима многолетнемерзлых пород на изменение климата», численная реализация выполнена за счет гранта РНФ № 23-61-10032 и при финансовой поддержке гранта им. П.И. Мельникова-2025.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The source data were obtained within the framework of a state assignment from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (reg. No. 126020216324-9) for the project “Geotemperature field and permafrost of the Asian part of Russia. Response of the thermal regime of permafrost rocks to climate change.” The numerical implementation was supported by Russian Science Foundation (grant No. 23-61-10032) and by the Pavel I. Melnikov Grant – 2025.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Biskaborn B.K., Smith S.L., Noetzli J., et al. Permafrost is warming at a global scale. Nat. Commun. 2019;10:264. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-08240-4 EDN: HTZKKV</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Biskaborn B.K., Smith S.L., Noetzli J., et al. 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